1
®
2
Cisco CCNA 200-301 Practice Tests 2020®
Published by: Examsdigest LLC., Holzmarktstraße 73, Berlin, Germany,
www.examsdigest.com Copyright © 2020 by Examsdigest LLC.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scan-
ning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976
United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Pub-
lisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the
Permissions Department, Examsdigest, LLC., Holzmarktstraße 73, Berlin,
Germany or online at https://www.examsdigest.com/contact.
Trademarks: Examsdigest, examsdigest.com and related trade dress are trademarks
or registered trademarks of Examsdigest LLC. and may not be used without written
permission. Amazon is a registered trademark of Amazon, Inc. All other trademarks
are the property of their respective owners. Examsdigest, LLC. is not associated with
any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE
AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO
THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND
SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITA-
TION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRAN-
TY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERI-
ALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUIT-
ABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTAND-
ING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, AC-
COUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL AS-
SISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL
PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AU-
THOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT
THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A
CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION
DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE
INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR REC-
OMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE.
Examsdigest publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-
demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not
be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a
CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may find this ma-
terial at https://examsdigest.com
3
4
CONTENTS AT A GLANCE
Contents at a glance 5 .........................................................................
Introduction 8 .........................................................................................
Chapter 1 The intro to networking Questions 1-20 14 ...................
Chapter 2 Ethernet LANs 39 ................................................................
Questions 21-40 39 ---------------------------------------------------
Answers 21-40 49 -----------------------------------------------------
Chapter 3 IPv4 addressing 62 ..............................................................
Questions 41-63 62 ---------------------------------------------------
Answers 41-63 70 ------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 4 Advanced IPv4 Addressing 90 .........................................
Questions 64-90 90 --------------------------------------------------
Answers 64-90 100 ----------------------------------------------------
Chapter 5 IPv4 Routing 131 ....................................................................
Questions 91-105 131 --------------------------------------------------
Chapter 5 OSPF Routing PROTOCOL 157 ..........................................
Questions 106-120 157 -----------------------------------------------
Answers 106-120 165 -------------------------------------------------
Chapter 6 IP version 6 179 .....................................................................
Questions 121-136 179 ------------------------------------------------
5
Answers 121-136 186 ---------------------------------------------------
Chapter 7 Security Fundamentals .................................................
200
Questions 137-153 200 -----------------------------------------------
Answers 137-153 209 --------------------------------------------------
Chapter 8 IP ACCESS CONTROL LIST ........................................
227
Questions 154-178 227 -----------------------------------------------
Answers 154-178 239 --------------------------------------------------
Chapter 9 Wireless Networks ........................................................
267
Questions 179-193 267 -----------------------------------------------
Answers 179-193 272 --------------------------------------------------
Chapter 10 IP SERVICES ..................................................................
287
Questions 194-203 287 ----------------------------------------------
Answers 194-203 293 -------------------------------------------------
Chapter 11 Network Design Architecture ....................................
310
Questions 204-217 310 -----------------------------------------------
Answers 204-217 315 -------------------------------------------------
Chapter 12 Network Automation 331 ...................................................
Questions 218-230 331 -----------------------------------------------
Answers 218-230 336 -------------------------------------------------
6
INTRODUCTION
The Cisco CCNA 200-301 examination is intended for individu-
als who perform a network engineer role and have one or more
years of hands-on experience in the IT field.
About This Book
Cisco CCNA 200-301 Practice Tests 2020 by Examsdigest is
designed to be a practical practice exam guide that will help
you prepare for the CCNA 200-301 exams. As the book title
says, it includes 200 questions, organized by exam so that you
can prepare for the final exam.
This book has been designed to help you prepare for the style
of questions you will receive on the CCNA 200-301 exams. It
also helps you understand the topics you can expect to be
tested on for each exam.
In order to properly prepare for the Cisco CCNA 200-301, I rec-
ommend that you:
✓ Review a reference book: Cisco CCNA 200-301 Practice
Tests 2020 by Examsdigest is designed to give you sample
8
questions to help you prepare for the style of questions you will
receive on the real certification exam. However, it is not a refer-
ence book that teaches the concepts in detail. That said, I rec-
ommend that you review a reference book before attacking
these questions so that the theory is fresh in your mind.
✓ Get some practical, hands-on experience: After you re-
view the theory, I highly recommend getting your hands on
some routers and switches, or using a simulator; practice con-
figuring the router with each topic you are studying. The CCNA
certification is a practical, hands-on certification: The more
hands-on experience you have, the easier the exams will be.
✓ Do practice test questions: After you review a reference
book and perform some hands-on work, attack the questions
in this book to get you “exam ready”! Also claim your free 1-
month access on our platform to dive into to more questions,
flashcards and much much more.
Beyond The Book
This book gives you plenty of CCNA 200-301 questions to
work on, but maybe you want to track your progress as you
tackle the questions, or maybe you’re having trouble with cer-
tain types of questions and wish they were all presented in one
9
place where you could methodically make your way through
them. You’re in luck. Your book purchase comes with a free
one-month subscription to all practice questions online and
more. You get on-the-go access any way you want it — from
your computer, smartphone, or tablet. Track your progress and
view personalized reports that show where you need to study
the most. Study what, where, when, and how you want!
What you’ll find online
The online practice that comes free with this book offers you
the same questions and answers that are available here and
more.
The beauty of the online questions is that you can customize
your online practice to focus on the topic areas that give you
the most trouble.
So if you need help with IP Addressing, then select questions
related to this topic online and start practicing.
Whether you practice a few hundred problems in one sitting or
a couple dozen, and whether you focus on a few types of prob-
lems or practice every type, the online program keeps track of
the questions you get right and wrong so that you can monitor
10
your progress and spend time studying exactly what you need.
You can access these online tools by sending an email to the
info@examsdigest.com to claim access on our platform. Once
we confirm the purchase you can enjoy your free access.
Cisco CCNA 200-301 Exam Details
The online practice that comes free with this book offers you
the same questions and answers that are available here and
more.
✓ Format - Multiple choice, multiple answer & Drag and Drop
✓ Type - Associate
✓ Delivery Method - Testing center or online proctored exam
✓ Time - 120 minutes to complete the exam
✓ Cost - Varies
✓ Language - Available in English, Japanese
Exam Content
Content Outline
The Cisco Certified Network Associate v1.0 (CCNA 200-301)
exam is a 120-minute exam associated with the CCNA certifi-
cation. This exam tests a candidate's knowledge and skills re-
11
lated to network fundamentals, network access, IP connectivity,
IP services, security fundamentals, and automation and pro-
grammability. The course, Implementing and Administering
Cisco Solutions (CCNA), helps candidates prepare for this
exam.
The following topics are general guidelines for the content likely
to be included on the exam. However, other related topics may
also appear on any specific delivery of the exam. To better re-
flect the contents of the exam and for clarity purposes, the
guidelines below may change at any time without notice.
1.0: Network Fundamentals
2.0: Network Access
3.0: IP Connectivity
4.0: IP Services
5.0: Security Fundamentals
6.0: Automation and Programmability
12
13
CHAPTER 1
THE INTRO TO NETWORKING
QUESTIONS 1-20
Question 1. Which of the following terms describe Ethernet
addresses that can send one frame and is delivered to multiple
devices on the LAN? (Choose two answers.)
(A) Broadcast address
(B) Multicast address
(C) IP address
(D) MAC address
(E) Unicast address
Question 2. Which of the following address check a router
when making a decision about routing TCP/IP packets?
(A) Destination MAC address
(B) Source IP address
(C) Source MAC address
(D) Destination IP address
Question 3. ___________ is a set of rules determining how net-
work devices respond when two devices attempt to use a data
14
channel simultaneously and encounter a data collision.
(A) CSMA/CD
(B) CSMA/CA
(C) TCP/IP
(D) TCP/UDP
Question 4. Ethernet standard ___________ BASE-T defines Gi-
gabit Ethernet over UTP cabling.
(A) 100
(B) 10
(C) 1000
(D) 1
Question 5. Which of the following IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Head-
er and Trailer Fields allows devices on the network to easily
synchronize their receiver clocks?
(A) Frame Check Sequence
(B) Data and Pad
(C) Start Frame Delimiter
(D) Preamble
Question 6. The host sends packets to its default gateway if
the ____________ IP address is in a different subnet than the host.
(A) Source
(B) Destination
15
(C) Unicast
(D) Broadcast
Question 7. The diagram below shows a campus LAN in a sin-
gle building. Which of the following connections uses crossover
Ethernet cables? (Choose all that apply)
(A) A
(B) C
(C) D
(D) E
(E) F
(F) G
Question 8. The diagram below shows a campus LAN in a sin-
gle building. Which of the following connections uses straight-
16
through cables? (Choose all that apply)
(A) A
(B) C
(C) D
(D) E
(E) F
(F) G
Question 9. Which of the following protocols resides in the
Application TCP/IP Architecture layer?
(A) SMTP
(B) TCP
(C) Ethernet
(D) IP
Question 10. Which of the following protocols resides in the
Transport TCP/IP Architecture layer?
17
(A) SMTP
(B) TCP
(C) Ethernet
(D) IP
Question 11. Which of the following protocols resides in the In-
ternet TCP/IP Architecture layer?
(A) SMTP
(B) TCP
(C) Ethernet
(D) IP
Question 12. Which of the following protocols resides in the
Data Link & Physical TCP/IP Architecture layer?
(A) SMTP
(B) TCP
(C) Ethernet
(D) IP
Question 13. Which of the following protocols is used from
PC1 to learn information from some other device on the same
network?
(A) ping
(B) ARP
(C) DHCP
18
(D) DNS
Question 14. If the devices below were connected with UTP
Ethernet cables, which pairs of devices would require a
straight-through cable? (Choose two answers.)
(A) Router and PC
(B) Switch and PC
(C) Hub and switch
(D) Router and hub
Question 15. Which of the following protocols are examples of
TCP/IP data-link layer protocols? (Choose two answers.)
(A) TCP
(B) HTTP
(C) Ethernet
(D) PPP
(E) SMTP
(F) HTTPS
Question 16. Which of the following statements are functions
of a routing protocol? (Choose two answers.)
(A) Learning routes and putting those routes into the routing
table for routes advertised to the router by its neighboring
routers
(B) Advertising known routes to neighboring routers
19
(C) Learning routes for subnets directly connected to the
router
(D) Forwarding IP packets based on a packet’s destination
IP address
Question 17. When you open a web browser and type in the
hostname www.examsdigest.com, your computer does not
send an IP packet with a destination IP address www.examsdi-
gest.com; it sends an IP packet to an IP address used by the
web server for Examsdigest. TCP/IP needs a way to let a com-
puter find the IP address used by the listed hostname. That
method uses the Domain Name System (DNS).
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 18. A __________________ address is an address that
enables transmission to every node in a local network.
(A) Broadcast
(B) Multicast
(C) Unicast
(D) MAC
Question 19. TCP and ______________ are the two most com-
monly used TCP/IP transport layer protocols.
(A) UDP
20
(B) HTTP
(C) DNS
(D) SMTP
Question 20. Which of the following IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
Header and Trailer Fields provides a method for the receiving
NIC to determine whether the frame experienced transmission
errors?
(A) Frame Check Sequence
(B) Data and Pad
(C) Start Frame Delimiter
(D) Preamble
21
Answers 1-20
Question 1. Which of the following terms describe Ethernet
addresses that can send one frame and is delivered to multiple
devices on the LAN? (Choose two answers.)
(A) Broadcast address
(B) Multicast address
(C) IP address
(D) MAC address
(E) Unicast address
Explanation 1. A and B are the correct answers. Broadcast
addressandmulticast addressare the only type of address-
es that can send frames to multiple devices on the Local Area
Network (LAN).
Question 2. Which of the following address check a router
when making a decision about routing TCP/IP packets?
(A) Destination MAC address
(B) Source IP address
(C) Source MAC address
(D) Destination IP address
22
Explanation 2. Destination MAC address is the correct an-
swer. Broadcast addressandmulticast addressare the only
type of addresses that can send frames to multiple devices on
the Local Area Network (LAN).
Question 3. ___________ is a set of rules determining how net-
work devices respond when two devices attempt to use a data
channel simultaneously and encounter a data collision.
(A) CSMA/CD
(B) CSMA/CA
(C) TCP/IP
(D) TCP/UDP
Explanation 3. CSMA/CD address is the correct answer.
CSMA/CD is a set of rules determining how network devices
respond when two devices attempt to use a data channel si-
multaneously and encounter a data collision. The rules define
how long the device should wait if a collision occurs.
If no transmission is taking place at the time, the particular sta-
tion can transmit but If two stations attempt to transmit simul-
taneously, this causes a data collision, which is detected by all
participating stations. After a random time interval, the stations
that collided attempt to transmit again.
23
Question 4. Ethernet standard ___________ BASE-T defines Gi-
gabit Ethernet over UTP cabling.
(A) 100
(B) 10
(C) 1000
(D) 1
Explanation 4. 1000 address is the correct answer. Ethernet
standard 1000BASE-T defines Gigabit Ethernet over UTP ca-
bling. The number before the word BASE defines the speed, in
megabits per second (Mbps). 1000 Mbps equals 1 gigabit per
second (1 Gbps). The T in the suffix implies twisted-pair or UTP
cabling, so 1000BASE-T is the UTP-based Gigabit Ethernet
standard name.
Question 5. Which of the following IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Head-
er and Trailer Fields allows devices on the network to easily
synchronize their receiver clocks?
(A) Frame Check Sequence
(B) Data and Pad
(C) Start Frame Delimiter
(D) Preamble
Explanation 5. Preamble is the correct answer.
Preamble:Allow devices on the network to easily synchronize
24
their receiver clocks.
Frame Check Sequence (FCS):Provides a method for the re-
ceiving NIC to determine whether the frame experienced
transmission errors.
Data and Pad:Holds data from a higher layer, typically an
L3PDU (usually an IPv4 or IPv6 packet). The sender adds pad-
ding to meet the minimum length requirement for this field.
Start Frame Delimiter (SFD):Signifies that the next byte be-
gins the Destination MAC Address field.
Question 6. The host sends packets to its default gateway if
the _____________ IP address is in a different subnet than the
host.
(A) Source
(B) Destination
(C) Unicast
(D) Broadcast
Explanation 6. Destination is the correct answer. If the des-
tination IP address is in a different subnet than the host, then
the host sends packets to its default gateway.
25
If IPv4 hosts send an IP packet to another host on the same IP
network or subnet that is on the same LAN, then the sender
sends the IP packet directly to that host.
Question 7. The diagram below shows a campus LAN in a sin-
gle building. Which of the following connections uses crossover
Ethernet cables? (Choose all that apply)
(A) A
(B) C
(C) D
(D) E
(E) F
(F) G
Explanation 7. B, C, E are the correct answers. Connections
(C, D, F, H) use Crossover Ethernet Cables.
26
Acrossover cableis a type of twisted-pair copper wire cable
for LANs (local area network) in which the wires on the cable
are crossed over so that the receive signal pins on the RJ-45
connector on one end are connected to the transmit signal pins
on the RJ-45 connector on the other end.
Wires 1 and 3 and wires 2 and 6 are crossed.
Crossover cables are used to connect two devices of the same
type, e.g. two computers or two switches to each other.
Question 8. The diagram from the Question 7 shows a cam-
pus LAN in a single building. Which of the following connec-
tions uses straight-through cables? (Choose all that apply)
(A) A
(B) C
(C) D
(D) E
(E) F
(F) G
Explanation 8. A, D, E are the correct answers. Connec-
tions (A, B, E, G): Straight-Through Cable.
Straight-through cableis a type of twisted-pair copper wire
27
cable for local area network (LAN) use for which the RJ-45
connectors at each end have the same pinout.
Straight-through cables are used to connect computers and
other end-user devices e.g. printers to networking devices
such as hubs and switches.
Question 9. Which of the following protocols resides in the
Application TCP/IP Architecture layer?
(A) SMTP
(B) TCP
(C) Ethernet
(D) IP
Explanation 9. SMTP is the correct answer. TheTCP/IP ap-
plication layerprotocol provides services to the application
software running on a computer.
The application layer does not define the application itself, but
it defines services that applications need. In short, the applica-
tion layer provides an interface between software running on a
computer and the network itself.
Question 10. Which of the following protocols resides in the
Transport TCP/IP Architecture layer?
(A) SMTP
28
(B) TCP
(C) Ethernet
(D) IP
Explanation 10. TCP is the correct answer. TheTransport
layer determineshow much data should be sent where and at
what rate. This layer builds on the messages which are re-
ceived from the application layer. It helps ensure that data units
are delivered error-free and in sequence.
The transport layer helps you to control the reliability of a link
through flow control, error control, and segmentation, or de-
segmentation.
Question 11. Which of the following protocols resides in the In-
ternet TCP/IP Architecture layer?
(A) SMTP
(B) TCP
(C) Ethernet
(D) IP
Explanation 11. IP is the correct answer. TheTCP/IP Internet
layerincludes a small number of protocols, but only one major
protocol: the Internet Protocol (IP) and the Internet Control
Message Protocol (ICMP). IP provides several features, most
29
importantly, addressing and routing.
Question 12. Which of the following protocols resides in the
Data Link & Physical TCP/IP Architecture layer?
(A) SMTP
(B) TCP
(C) Ethernet
(D) IP
Explanation 12. Ethernet is the correct answer. Thedata-
link and physical layersdefine the protocols and hardware re-
quired to deliver data across the physical network.
The two layers work together; in fact, some standards define
both the data-link and physical layer functions. The physical
layer defines the cabling and energy (for example, electrical
signals) that flow over the cables.
Question 13. Which of the following protocols is used from
PC1 to learn information from some other device on the same
network?
(A) ping
(B) ARP
(C) DHCP
(D) DNS
30
Explanation 13. ARP is the correct answer. TheAddress
Resolution Protocol (ARP)is a communication protocol used
for discovering the link-layer address, such as a MAC address,
associated with a given internet layer address, typically an IPv4
address.
This mapping is a critical function in the Internet protocol suite.
The job of the ARP is essentially to translate 32-bit addresses
to 48-bit addresses and vice-versa.
When a new computer joins a LAN, it is assigned a unique IP
address to use for identification and communication. When an
incoming packet destined for a host machine on a particular
LAN arrives at a gateway, the gateway asks the ARP program to
find a MAC address that matches the IP address.
Question 14. If the devices below were connected with UTP
Ethernet cables, which pairs of devices would require a
straight-through cable? (Choose two answers.)
(A) Router and PC
(B) Switch and PC
(C) Hub and switch
(D) Router and hub
31
Explanation 14. B and D are the correct answers. Straight-
through cableis a type of twisted-pair copper wire cable for
local area network (LAN) use for which the RJ-45 connectors at
each end have the same pinout.
Straight-through cables are used to connect computers and
other end-user devices e.g. printers to networking devices
such as hubs and switches.
Routers, wireless access point Ethernet ports, andPC
NICsall send using pins 1 and 2, whereas hubs and LAN
switches transmit on pins 3 and 6. Straight-through cables
connect devices that use opposite pin pairs for sending be-
cause the cable does not need to cross the pairs.
Question 15. Which of the following protocols are examples of
TCP/IP data-link layer protocols? (Choose two answers.)
(A) TCP
(B) HTTP
(C) Ethernet
(D) PPP
(E) SMTP
(F) HTTPS
Explanation 15. C and D are the correct answers. TheEth-
32
ernetdefines both physical and data-link protocols,PPPis a
data-link protocol.
Question 16. Which of the following statements are functions
of a routing protocol? (Choose two answers.)
(A) Learning routes and putting those routes into the
routing table for routes advertised to the router by its
neighboring routers
(B) Advertising known routes to neighboring routers
(C) Learning routes for subnets directly connected to the
router
(D) Forwarding IP packets based on a packet’s destination
IP address
Explanation 16. A and B are the correct answers.
Routersdo all the actions listed in all four answers; however,
therouting protocoldoes the functions in the two listed an-
swers.
Independent of the routing protocol, a router learns routes for IP
subnets and IP networks directly connected to its interfaces.
Routers also forward (route) IP packets, but that process is
called IP routing, or IP forwarding, and is an independent
process compared to the work of a routing protocol.
The functions of a routing protocol are:
33
1. Learning routes and putting those routes into the routing ta-
ble for routes advertised to the router by its neighboring routers.
2. Advertising known routes to neighboring routers.
Question 17. When you open a web browser and type in the
hostname www.examsdigest.com, your computer does not
send an IP packet with a destination IP address www.examsdi-
gest.com; it sends an IP packet to an IP address used by the
web server for Examsdigest. TCP/IP needs a way to let a com-
puter find the IP address used by the listed hostname. That
method uses the Domain Name System (DNS).
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 17. TRUE is the correct answer. TheDomain
Name System (DNS)is the phonebook of the Internet. Hu-
mans access information online through domain names, like
examsdigest.com or youtube.com. Web browsers interact
through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates do-
main names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet re-
sources.
Each device connected to the Internet has a unique IP address
that other machines use to find the device. DNS servers elimi-
nate the need for humans to memorize IP addresses such as
34
192.168.1.1 (in IPv4), or more complex newer alphanumeric IP
addresses such as 2100:bb22:3272:1::2133:b1a4 (in IPv6).
DNS recordsare instructions that live in authoritative DNS
servers and provide information about a domain including what
IP address is associated with that domain and how to handle
requests for that domain. These records consist of a series of
text files written in what is known as DNS syntax. DNS syntax is
just a string of characters used as commands which tell the
DNS server what to do.
The most common types of DNS are:
Ais used to map hostnames to an IPv4 address of the host.
AAAAis used to map hostnames to an IPv6 address of the
host.
CNAMEis used to point a domain or subdomain to another
hostname.
SRVis used to identify computers that host specific services.
MXis used to help route emails.
TXTis used to provide the ability to associate text with a zone.
NSindicates which DNS server is authoritative for that domain.
PTRis used for the Reverse DNS (Domain Name System)
lookup.
Question 18. A __________________ address is an address that
enables transmission to every node in a local network.
35
(A) Broadcast
(B) Multicast
(C) Unicast
(D) MAC
Explanation 18. Broadcast is the correct answer.
Abroadcastaddress is a network address at which all devices
connected to a multiple-access communications network are
enabled to receive datagrams, which comprise UDP and TCP/IP
packets, for instance. A message sent to a broadcast address
may be received by all network-attached hosts.
Question 19. TCP and ______________ are the two most com-
monly used TCP/IP transport layer protocols.
(A) UDP
(B) HTTP
(C) DNS
(D) SMTP
Explanation 19. UDP is the correct answer.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) andUser Datagram
Protocol (UDP) are two most commonly used TCP/IP transport
layer protocols.
Each TCP/IP application typically chooses to use either TCP or
UDP based on the application’s requirements.
36
For example,TCP provides error recovery, but to do so, it
consumes more bandwidth and uses more processing
cycles.UDP does not perform error recovery, but it takes
less bandwidth and uses fewer processing cycles.
TCP/IP Transport Layer Features are Multiplexing using ports,
Error recovery (reliability), Flow control using windowing, Con-
nection establishment, and termination, and Ordered data
transfer and data segmentation.
Question 20. Which of the following IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
Header and Trailer Fields provides a method for the receiving
NIC to determine whether the frame experienced transmission
errors?
(A) Frame Check Sequence
(B) Data and Pad
(C) Start Frame Delimiter
(D) Preamble
Explanation 20. Frame Check Sequence is the correct an-
swer.
Preamble:Allow devices on the network to easily synchronize
their receiver clocks.
Frame Check Sequence (FCS):Provides a method for the re-
37
ceiving NIC to determine whether the frame experienced
transmission errors.
Data and Pad:Holds data from a higher layer, typically an
L3PDU (usually an IPv4 or IPv6 packet). The sender adds pad-
ding to meet the minimum length requirement for this field.
Start Frame Delimiter (SFD):Signifies that the next byte be-
gins the Destination MAC Address field.
38
CHAPTER 2
ETHERNET LANS
Questions 21-40
Question 21. Which of the following commands checks the
status of the interfaces?
(A) show interface
(B) show status
(C) show interface status
(D) show status interface
Question 22. You are in console line configuration mode.
Which of the following commands would place you in enable
mode?
(A) end
(B) back
(C) enable
(D) change
Question 23. Which of the following commands copies the
configuration from RAM into NVRAM
(A) copy running-config startup-config
(B) copy startup-config running-config
39
(C) copy ram nvram
(D) copy nvram ram
Question 24. The command that configures the switch as a
DHCP client to discover its IPv4 address, mask, and default
gateway is ip address dhcp.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 25. In which of the following modes of the CLI could
you configure the duplex setting for interface Fast Ethernet
0/2?
(A) Global configuration mode
(B) Enable mode
(C) Interface configuration mode
(D) VLAN mode
Question 26. Which of the following commands administra-
tively enables an interface
(A) shutdown
(B) no shutdown
(C) enable interface
(D) interface enable
Question 27. Switches use STP to prevent loops by causing
40
some interfaces to block, meaning that they do not send or re-
ceive frames.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 28. A Layer 2 switch configuration places all its
physical ports into VLAN 2. The IP addressing plan shows that
address 175.28.1.150 (with mask 255.255.255.0) is reserved
for use by this new LAN switch and that 175.28.1.254 is already
configured on the router connected to that same VLAN. The
switch needs to support SSH connections into the switch from
any subnet in the network. Which of the following commands
are part of the required configuration in this case? (Choose two
answers.)
(A) The switch cannot support SSH because all its ports
connect to VLAN 2, and the IP address must be configured on
interface VLAN 1.
(B) The ip address 175.28.1.150 255.255.255.0 command
in interface vlan 2 configuration mode.
(C) The ip default-gateway 175.28.1.254 command in glob-
al configuration mode.
(D) The ip address 172.16.2.250 255.255.255.0 command
in interface vlan 1 configuration mode.
(E) The ip default-gateway 175.28.1.150 command in global
configuration mode.
41
Question 29. Which of the following commands lists the con-
tent of the startup-config (initial config) file.
(A) show startup-config
(B) show initial-config
(C) show content-config
(D) show file-config
Question 30. You want to configure the console password with
password examsdigest. Which of the following commands will
you type to meet the requirement?
(A) Examsdigest#(config)# line console 0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# password examsdigest
Examsdigest#(config-line)# login
Examsdigest#(config-line)# exit
(B) Examsdigest#(config)# enable secret examsdigest
(C) Examsdigest#(config)# enable console examsdigest
(D) Examsdigest#(config)# live vty 0 15
Examsdigest#(config-line)# password examsdigest
Examsdigest#(config-line)# login
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
42
Question 31. You want to configure the telnet password for all
vty lines with password examsdigest. Which of the following
commands will you type to meet the requirement?
(A) Examsdigest#(config)# line console 0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# password examsdigest
Examsdigest#(config-line)# login
Examsdigest#(config-line)# exit
(B) Examsdigest#(config)# enable secret examsdigest
(C) Examsdigest#(config)# enable console examsdigest
(D) Examsdigest#(config)# live vty 0 15
Examsdigest#(config-line)# password examsdigest
Examsdigest#(config-line)# login
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
Question 32. Which of the following type of memory is used to
store the configuration used by the switch when it is up and
running?
(A) ROM
(B) RAM
(C) NVRAM
(D) Flash
43
Question 33. You have been tasked to configure the IPv4 ad-
dress on the switch only on the VLAN 1 following the details
below.
Configuration details:
IP address: 199.255.240.100
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Default gateway: 199.255.240.1
Which of the following commands will you type to complete the
task?
(A) Examsdigest#(config)# interface vlan 1
Examsdigest#(config-line)# ip address
199.255.240.100 255.255.255.0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# no shutdown
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
Examsdigest#(config)# ip default-gateway
199.255.240.1
(B) Examsdigest#(config)# interface vlan 1
Examsdigest#(config-line)# ip address
199.255.241.100 255.255.255.0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# no shutdown
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
Examsdigest#(config)# ip default-gateway
199.255.240.1
44
(C) Examsdigest#(config)# interface vlan 1
Examsdigest#(config-line)# ip address
199.255.240.100 255.255.0.0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# no shutdown
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
Examsdigest#(config)# ip default-gateway
199.255.240.1
(D) Examsdigest#(config)# interface vlan 11
Examsdigest#(config-line)# ip address
199.255.240.100 255.255.255.0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# no shutdown
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
Examsdigest#(config)# ip default-gateway
199.255.240.1
Question 34. Which of the following configuration commands
defines the password that all users must use to reach enable
mode?
(A) enable secret “type password“
(B) enable “type password“
(C) secret “type password“
(D) secret enable “type password“
45
Question 35. Which of the following command will you type to
produce the output below?
Vlan1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is EtherSVI, address is 0023.e21b.4cc0 (bia
0023.e21b.4cc0)
Internet address is 192.168.1.101/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
(A) show interfaces vlans
(B) show interfaces
(C) show interfaces vlan 1
(D) show vlan 1
Question 36. NVRAMstores the initial or startup configuration
file that is used when the switch is first powered on and when
the switch is reloaded.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 37. Which of the following commands will you type
to configure the interface VLAN 5 of the switch to learn the IP
address with DHCP?
(A) configure terminal
46
interface vlan 5
no shutdown
(B) configure terminal
interface vlan 5
ip address dhcp
no shutdown
(C) configure terminal
native vlan dhcp
ip address dhcp
(D) configure terminal
interface vlan 5
ip address dhcp
Question 38. The running (active) configuration file is stored
in the Flash Memory.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 39. Which of the following Cisco IOS Software
Command Help lists commands that start with int?
(A) int<Tab>
(B) int ?
47
(C) ?
(D) int?
Question 40. Type the configuration command that produce
the given output.
(A) show mac address-table dynamic
(B) show address-table
(C) show mac
(D) show dynamic address-table
48
Answers 21-40
Question 21. Which of the following commands checks the
status of the interfaces?
(A) show interface
(B) show status
(C) show interface status
(D) show status interface
Explanation 21. show interface status is the correct an-
swers.
Question 22. You are in console line configuration mode.
Which of the following commands would place you in enable
mode?
(A) end
(B) back
(C) enable
(D) change
Explanation 22. end is the correct answer. The end com-
mand and the Ctrl+Z key sequence both move the user to en-
able mode regardless of the current configuration submode.
49
Question 23. Which of the following commands copies the
configuration from RAM into NVRAM
(A) copy running-config startup-config
(B) copy startup-config running-config
(C) copy ram nvram
(D) copy nvram ram
Explanation 23. copy running-config startup-config is the
correct answer. The running-config file is in RAM, and the
startup-config file is in NVRAM so the command is:
copy running-config startup-config
Question 24. The command that configures the switch as a
DHCP client to discover its IPv4 address, mask, and default
gateway is ip address dhcp.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 24. TRUE is the correct answer. The command
ip address dhcp configures the switch as a DHCP client to
discover its IPv4 address, mask, and default gateway
Question 25. In which of the following modes of the CLI could
you configure the duplex setting for interface Fast Ethernet
0/2?
50
(A) Global configuration mode
(B) Enable mode
(C) Interface configuration mode
(D) VLAN mode
Explanation 25. Interface configuration mode is the correct
answer. The speed and the duplex settings for Fast Ethernet
0/2 can be configured in theinterface configuration mode.
Question 26. Which of the following commands administra-
tively enables an interface
(A) shutdown
(B) no shutdown
(C) enable interface
(D) interface enable
Explanation 26. no shutdown is the correct answer. Cisco
uses two interface subcommands to configure the idea of ad-
ministratively enabling and disabling an interface: theshut-
downcommand (to disable) and theno shutdowncommand
(to enable).
Question 27. Switches use STP to prevent loops by causing
some interfaces to block, meaning that they do not send or re-
ceive frames.
51
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 27. TRUE is the correct answer. A primary fea-
ture of LAN switches is loop prevention, as implemented
bySpanning Tree Protocol (STP). Without STP, any flooded
frames would loop for an indefinite period of time in Ethernet
networks with physically redundant links.
To prevent looping frames, STP blocks some ports from for-
warding frames so that only one active path exists between any
pair of LAN segments.
The result of STP is good: frames do not loop infinitely, which
makes the LAN usable. However, STP has negative features as
well, including the fact that it takes some work to balance traffic
across the redundant alternate links.
Question 28. A Layer 2 switch configuration places all its
physical ports into VLAN 2. The IP addressing plan shows that
address 175.28.1.150 (with mask 255.255.255.0) is reserved
for use by this new LAN switch and that 175.28.1.254 is already
configured on the router connected to that same VLAN.
The switch needs to support SSH connections into the switch
52
from any subnet in the network. Which of the following com-
mands are part of the required configuration in this case?
(Choose two answers.)
(A) The switch cannot support SSH because all its ports
connect to VLAN 2, and the IP address must be configured on
interface VLAN 1.
(B) The ip address 175.28.1.150 255.255.255.0 com-
mand in interface vlan 2 configuration mode.
(C) The ip default-gateway 175.28.1.254 command in
global configuration mode.
(D) The ip address 172.16.2.250 255.255.255.0 command
in interface vlan 1 configuration mode.
(E) The ip default-gateway 175.28.1.150 command in global
configuration mode.
Explanation 26. B and C are the correct answers. To allow
SSH or Telnet access, a switch must have a correct IP configu-
ration. That includes the configuration of a correct IP address
and mask on a VLAN interface. That VLAN interface must have
a path out of the switch via ports assigned to that VLAN. In this
case, with all ports assigned to VLAN 2, the switch must use in-
terface VLAN 2 (using the interface vlan 2 configuration com-
mand).
Question 29. Which of the following commands lists the con-
53
tent of the startup-config (initial config) file.
(A) show startup-config
(B) show initial-config
(C) show content-config
(D) show file-config
Explanation 29. show startup-config is the correct answer.
Question 30. You want to configure the console password with
password examsdigest. Which of the following commands will
you type to meet the requirement?
(A) Examsdigest#(config)# line console 0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# password examsdigest
Examsdigest#(config-line)# login
Examsdigest#(config-line)# exit
(B) Examsdigest#(config)# enable secret examsdigest
(C) Examsdigest#(config)# enable console examsdigest
(D) Examsdigest#(config)# live vty 0 15
Examsdigest#(config-line)# password examsdigest
Examsdigest#(config-line)# login
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
Explanation 30. A is the correct answer.
54
Question 31. You want to configure the telnet password for all
vty lines with password examsdigest. Which of the following
commands will you type to meet the requirement?
(A) Examsdigest#(config)# line console 0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# password examsdigest
Examsdigest#(config-line)# login
Examsdigest#(config-line)# exit
(B) Examsdigest#(config)# enable secret examsdigest
(C) Examsdigest#(config)# enable console examsdigest
(D) Examsdigest#(config)# live vty 0 15
Examsdigest#(config-line)# password examsdigest
Examsdigest#(config-line)# login
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
Explanation 31. D is the correct answer.
Question 32. Which of the following type of memory is used to
store the configuration used by the switch when it is up and
running?
(A) ROM
(B) RAM
(C) NVRAM
(D) Flash
55
Explanation 32. RAM is the correct answer. Switches (and
routers) keep the currently used configuration inRAM.
RAM:Sometimes called DRAM, for dynamic random-access
memory, RAM is used by the switch just as it is used by any
other computer: for working storage. The running configuration
file is stored here.
Question 33. You have been tasked to configure the IPv4 ad-
dress on the switch only on the VLAN 1 following the details
below.
Configuration details:
IP address: 199.255.240.100
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Default gateway: 199.255.240.1
Which of the following commands will you type to complete the
task?
(A) Examsdigest#(config)# interface vlan 1
Examsdigest#(config-line)# ip address
199.255.240.100 255.255.255.0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# no shutdown
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
Examsdigest#(config)# ip default-gateway
199.255.240.1
56
(B) Examsdigest#(config)# interface vlan 1
Examsdigest#(config-line)# ip address
199.255.241.100 255.255.255.0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# no shutdown
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
Examsdigest#(config)# ip default-gateway
199.255.240.1
(C) Examsdigest#(config)# interface vlan 1
Examsdigest#(config-line)# ip address
199.255.240.100 255.255.0.0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# no shutdown
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
Examsdigest#(config)# ip default-gateway
199.255.240.1
(D) Examsdigest#(config)# interface vlan 11
Examsdigest#(config-line)# ip address
199.255.240.100 255.255.255.0
Examsdigest#(config-line)# no shutdown
Examsdigest#(config-line)# end
Examsdigest#(config)# ip default-gateway
199.255.240.1
Explanation 33. A is the correct answer.
57
Question 34. Which of the following configuration commands
defines the password that all users must use to reach enable
mode?
(A) enable secret “type password“
(B) enable “type password“
(C) secret “type password“
(D) secret enable “type password“
Explanation 34. A is the correct answer.
Question 35. Which of the following command will you type to
produce the output below?
Vlan1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is EtherSVI, address is 0023.e21b.4cc0 (bia
0023.e21b.4cc0)
Internet address is 192.168.1.101/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
(A) show interfaces vlans
(B) show interfaces
(C) show interfaces vlan 1
(D) show vlan 1
58
Explanation 35. C is the correct answer.
Question 36. NVRAMstores the initial or startup configuration
file that is used when the switch is first powered on and when
the switch is reloaded.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 36. TRUE is the correct answer.
Question 37. Which of the following commands will you type
to configure the interface VLAN 5 of the switch to learn the IP
address with DHCP?
(A) configure terminal
interface vlan 5
no shutdown
(B) configure terminal
interface vlan 5
ip address dhcp
no shutdown
(C) configure terminal
native vlan dhcp
ip address dhcp
59
(D) configure terminal
interface vlan 5
ip address dhcp
Explanation 37. B is the correct answer.
Question 38. The running (active) configuration file is stored
in the Flash Memory.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 38. FALSE is the correct answer. RAMis used
by the switch for working storage. The running (active) configu-
ration file is stored here.
Flash memorystores fully functional Cisco IOS images and is
the default location where the switch gets its Cisco IOS at boot
time. It also can be used to store any other files, including
backup copies of configuration files.
Question 39. Which of the following Cisco IOS Software
Command Help lists commands that start with int?
(A) int<Tab>
(B) int ?
60
(C) ?
(D) int?
Explanation 39. Int? is the correct answer. int?: Lists com-
mands that start with int.
Question 40. Type the configuration command that produce
the given output.
(A) show mac address-table dynamic
(B) show address-table
(C) show mac
(D) show dynamic address-table
Explanation 40. show mac address-table dynamic is the
correct answer.
61
CHAPTER 3
IPv4 ADDRESSING
Questions 41-63
Question 41. Which of the following addresses are not valid
Class A network IDs? (Choose all that apply)
(A) 1.0.0.0
(B) 5.0.0.0
(C) 140.0.0.0
(D) 127.0.0.0
(E) 9.0.0.0
(F) 195.0.0.0
Question 42. Why does the formula for the number of hosts
per subnet (2
H
– 2) require the subtraction of two hosts?
(A) To reserve two addresses for redundant default gate-
ways (routers)
(B) To reserve the two addresses required for DHCP opera-
tion
(C) To reserve addresses for the subnet broadcast address
and subnet ID
(D) To reserve addresses for the subnet ID and default
62
gateway (router)
Question 43. Which of the following addresses are valid Class
C network IDs? (Choose two answers)
(A) 195.0.0.0
(B) 22.22.3.0
(C) 222.0.0.0
(D) 191.255.255.0
(E) 127.0.0.0
Question 44. A network designer asked you how many subnet
(S) bits does he need to create 200 subnets?
(A) 2
(B) 5
(C) 8
(D) 11
Question 45. The addresses in the same network have differ-
ent values in the network part.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 46. Which of the following IPv4 addresses has a
subnet mask 255.255.0.0?
(A) 188.187.186.185
63
(B) 204.203.202.201
(C) 55.44.22.11
(D) 10.0.0.56
Question 47. Which of the following IPv4 addresses has a
subnet mask 255.255.255.0?
(A) 188.187.186.185
(B) 204.203.202.201
(C) 55.44.22.11
(D) 10.0.0.56
Question 48. The first octet range from the Class A IP net-
works is 1 - 126.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 49. Which of the following IPv4 addresses has a
subnet mask 255.0.0.0? (Choose all that apply)
(A) 188.187.186.185
(B) 204.203.202.201
(C) 55.44.22.11
(D) 10.0.0.56
(E) 100.24.5.56
(F) 192.168.178.6
64
Question 50. Which of the following ranges is a valid class B
network numbers?
(A) 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.0.0
(B) 1.0.0.0 - 126.0.0.0
(C) 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0
(D) 224.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.0
Question 51. Which of the following ranges is a valid class C
network numbers?
(A) 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.0.0
(B) 1.0.0.0 - 126.0.0.0
(C) 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0
(D) 224.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.0
Question 52. Which of the following is the default mask of the
IP 10.2.0.0?
(A) 255.0.0.0
(B) 255.255.0.0
(C) 255.255.255.0
(D) 255.255.255.255
Question 53. What information can you extract having the IP
address 172.16.99.45? (Choose two answers.)
(A) The network ID is 172.0.0.0.
(B) The default mask for the network is 255.255.255.0.
65
(C) The network is a Class B network.
(D) The number of host bits in the unsubnetted network is
16.
(E) The broadcast address of the network is
172.255.255.255
Question 54. A network designer asked you how many sub-
nets (S) bits does he need to create 100 subnets? (Type only
the number)
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
Question 55. The senior network engineer asked you to
choose the broadcast address from the last subnet according
to the following details:
Network 172.28.0.0 (Class B)
Mask 255.255.0.0 (for all subnets)
(A) 172.28.255.254
(B) 172.255.255.255
(C) 172.28.200.255
(D) 172.28.255.255
66
Question 56. The address 130.0.0.0 is a Class ____________
network ID
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
Question 57. Which of the following is the default mask of the
IP 178.25.3.0?
(A) 255.0.0.0
(B) 255.255.0.0
(C) 255.255.255.0
(D) 255.255.255.255
Question 58. The address 200.0.0.0 is a Class ____________
network ID
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
Question 59. The range of the Class C public IP Networks is
_________________ - _________________
(A) 10.0.0.0 - 140.255.255.0
(B) 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0
67
(C) 200.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0
(D) 224.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.0
Question 60. The senior network engineer asked you to
choose the last usable address for a host from the last subnet
according to the following details:
Network 9.0.0.0 (Class A)
Mask 255.255.0.0 (for all subnets)
(A) 9.255.255.254
(B) 10.255.255.254
(C) 11.255.255.254
(D) 12.255.255.254
Question 61. The first octet range from the Class B IP networks
is 1 - 126.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 62. A network designer asked you how many subnet
(S) bits does he need to create 5 subnets?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
68
(D) 5
Question 63. Which of the following are private IP networks?
(Choose all that apply)
(A) 172.31.100.0
(B) 164.16.2.0
(C) 192.166.255.0
(D) 192.168.1.0
(E) 11.11.11.0
(F) 172.24.0.0
69
Answers 41-63
Question 41. Which of the following addresses are not valid
Class A network IDs? (Choose all that apply)
(A) 1.0.0.0
(B) 5.0.0.0
(C) 140.0.0.0
(D) 127.0.0.0
(E) 9.0.0.0
(F) 195.0.0.0
Explanation 41. C, D and F are the correct answers. Class A
networks have the first octet in the range of 1–126, inclusive,
and their network IDs have a 0 in the last three octets.
Invalid Class A network IDs are:
140.0.0.0
127.0.0.0
195.0.0.0
Question 42. Why does the formula for the number of hosts
per subnet (2
H
– 2) require the subtraction of two hosts?
(A) To reserve two addresses for redundant default gate-
ways (routers)
(B) To reserve the two addresses required for DHCP opera-
70
tion
(C) To reserve addresses for the subnet broadcast ad-
dress and subnet ID
(D) To reserve addresses for the subnet ID and default
gateway (router)
Explanation 42. To reserve addresse s for the subnet
broadcast address and subnet ID is the correct answer. By
definition, two address values in every IPv4 subnet cannot be
used as host IPv4 addresses:
1. The first (lowest) numeric value in the subnet for thesubnet
ID.
2. The last (highest) numeric value in the subnet for the
subnetbroadcast address.
Question 43. Which of the following addresses are valid Class
C network IDs? (Choose two answers)
(A) 195.0.0.0
(B) 22.22.3.0
(C) 222.0.0.0
(D) 191.255.255.0
(E) 127.0.0.0
Explanation 43. A and C are the correct answers. Class C
networks have the first octet in the range of 192–223, inclusive,
71
and their network IDs have a 0 in the last three octets.
Question 44. A network designer asked you how many subnet
(S) bits does he need to create 200 subnets?
(A) 2
(B) 5
(C) 8
(D) 11
Explanation 44. 8 is the correct answer. 8 bits are enough
to create 200 subnets.
You need to follow the formula of2
S
> number of subnetsto
find out the required number of subnet bits to create 200 sub-
nets.
*S = number of subnet bits
For example:
2
6
= 64 < 200 is not large enough
2
7
= 128 < 200 is not large enough
2
8
= 256 > 200 is enough
72
Question 45. The addresses in the same network have differ-
ent values in the network part.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 45. FALSE is the correct answer. The addresses
in the classful network have a structure with two parts: the
network part and the host part.
De-
scrip-
tion
Class A
Class B
Class C
First
octet
range
1!–!126
128!–!191
192!–!223
Valid
net-
work
num-
bers
1.0.0.0!–
!126.0.0.0
128.0.0.0!–
!191.255.0.0
192.0.0.0!–
!223.255.255.0
De-
fault
mask
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
73
Then, comparing any two IP addresses in one network, the fol-
lowing observations can be made:
1. The addresses in the same network have the same values in
the network part.
2. The addresses in the same network have different values in
the host part.
Question 46. Which of the following IPv4 addresses has a
subnet mask 255.255.0.0?
(A) 188.187.186.185
(B) 204.203.202.201
(C) 55.44.22.11
(D) 10.0.0.56
Explanation 46. 188.187.186.185 is the correct answer.
Class B networks have the first octet in the range of 128–191.
The default subnet mask for the Class B networks is
255.255.0.0
Question 47. Which of the following IPv4 addresses has a
subnet mask 255.255.255.0?
(A) 188.187.186.185
(B) 204.203.202.201
(C) 55.44.22.11
74
(D) 10.0.0.56
Explanation 47. 204.203.202.201 is the correct answer.
Class C networks have the first octet in the range of 192–223.
The default subnet mask for the Class C networks is
255.255.255.0
De-
scrip-
tion
Class A
Class B
Class C
First
octet
range
1!–!126
128!–!191
192!–!223
Valid
net-
work
num-
bers
1.0.0.0!–
!126.0.0.0
128.0.0.0!–
!191.255.0.0
192.0.0.0!–
!223.255.255.0
De-
fault
mask
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
75
Question 48. The first octet range from the Class A IP net-
works is 1 - 126.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 48. TRUE is the correct answer.
Class A networks have the first octet in the range of 1–126.
Question 49. Which of the following IPv4 addresses has a
subnet mask 255.0.0.0? (Choose all that apply)
(A) 188.187.186.185
(B) 204.203.202.201
(C) 55.44.22.11
(D) 10.0.0.56
(E) 100.24.5.56
(F) 192.168.178.6
Explanation 49. C, D, and E are the correct answers.
De-
scrip-
tion
Class A
Class B
Class C
First
octet
range
1!–!126
128!–!191
192!–!223
76
Question 50. Which of the following ranges is a valid class B
network numbers?
(A) 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.0.0
(B) 1.0.0.0 - 126.0.0.0
(C) 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0
(D) 224.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.0
Explanation 50. A is the correct answer.
Valid
net-
work
num-
bers
1.0.0.0!–
!126.0.0.0
128.0.0.0!–
!191.255.0.0
192.0.0.0!–
!223.255.255.
0
Default
mask
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
De-
scrip-
tion
Class A
Class B
Class C
First
octet
range
1!–!126
128!–!191
192!–!223
77
Question 51. Which of the following ranges is a valid class C
network numbers?
(A) 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.0.0
(B) 1.0.0.0 - 126.0.0.0
(C) 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0
(D) 224.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.0
Explanation 51. 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0 is the correct
answer.
Question 52. Which of the following is the default mask of the
IP 10.2.0.0?
(A) 255.0.0.0
(B) 255.255.0.0
(C) 255.255.255.0
(D) 255.255.255.255
Valid
net-
work
num-
bers
1.0.0.0!–
!126.0.0.0
128.0.0.0!–
!191.255.0.0
192.0.0.0!–
!223.255.255.0
De-
fault
mask
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
78
Explanation 52. 255.0.0.0 is the correct answer.
Class A networks have the first octet in the range of 1–126.The
default subnet mask for the Class A networks is 255.0.0.0.
Question 53. What information can you extract having the IP
address 172.16.99.45? (Choose two answers.)
(A) The network ID is 172.0.0.0.
(B) The default mask for the network is 255.255.255.0.
(C) The network is a Class B network.
(D) The number of host bits in the unsubnetted network
is 16.
(E) The broadcast address of the network is
172.255.255.255.
Explanation 52. C and D are the correct answers.
The first octet (172) is in the range of values forClass B ad-
dresses (128–191).
As a result, thenetwork IDcan be formed by copying the first
two octets (172.16) and writing 0s for the last two octets
(172.16.0.0).
Thedefault maskfor all Class B networks is 255.255.0.0,and
the number of host bits in all unsubnetted Class B networks is
79
16.
Thebroadcast addressof this network is172.16.255.255.
Question 54. A network designer asked you how many sub-
nets (S) bits does he need to create 100 subnets? (Type only
the number)
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
Explanation 54. C and D are the correct answers.
7 bits are enough to create 100 subnets. You need to follow the
formula of2
S
> number of subnetsto find out the required
number of subnet bits to create 200 subnets.
*S = number of subnet bits
For example:
2
5
= 32 < 100 is not large enough
2
6
= 64 < 100 is not large enough
2
7
= 128 > 100 is enough
Question 55. The senior network engineer asked you to
choose the broadcast address from the last subnet according
80
to the following details:
Network 172.28.0.0 (Class B)
Mask 255.255.0.0 (for all subnets)
(A) 172.28.255.254
(B) 172.255.255.255
(C) 172.28.200.255
(D) 172.28.255.255
Explanation 55. 172.28.255.255 is the correct answer.
First subnet
Subnet Network:172.28.0.0
IP Addresses:172.28.0.1 – 172.28.0.254
Broadcast Address:172.28.0.255
Second subnet
Subnet Network:172.28.1.0
IP Addresses:172.28.1.1 – 172.28.1.254
Broadcast Address:172.28.1.255
Third subnet
Subnet Network:172.28.3.0
IP Addresses:172.28.3.1 – 172.28.3.254
Broadcast Address:172.28.3.255
81
Skipping many subnets…
Last subnet
Subnet Network:172.28.255.0
IP Addresses:172.28.255.1 – 172.28.255.254
Broadcast Address:172.28.255.255
Question 56. The address 130.0.0.0 is a Class ____________
network ID
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
Explanation 56. B is the correct answer.
The address 130.0.0.0 is Class B network ID.
All Class B networks begin with values between 128 and 191,
inclusive, in their first octets.
The network ID has any value in the 128–191 range in the first
octet, and any value from 0 to 255 inclusive in the second
octet, with decimal 0s in the final two octets.
82
Question 57. Which of the following is the default mask of the
IP 178.25.3.0?
(A) 255.0.0.0
(B) 255.255.0.0
(C) 255.255.255.0
(D) 255.255.255.255
Explanation 57. 255.255.0.0 is the correct answer.
First, you have to identify the Class of the given IP address.
In this case, the address178.25.3.0is a Class B.
Class B networks have 128-191 as their first octet and use a
default subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.
De-
scrip-
tion
Class A
Class B
Class C
First
octet
range
1!–!126
128!–!191
192!–!223
83
Question 58. The address 200.0.0.0 is a Class ____________
network ID
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
Explanation 58. C is the correct answer.
The address 200.0.0.0 is Class C network ID.
All Class C networks begin with values between 192 and 223,
inclusive, in their first octets.
The network ID has any value in the 192–223 range in the first
octet, and any value from 0 to 255 inclusive in the second
octet, with decimal 0s in the final two octets.
Valid
net-
work
num-
bers
1.0.0.0!–
!126.0.0.0
128.0.0.0!–
!191.255.0.0
192.0.0.0!–
!223.255.255.0
De-
fault
mask
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
84
Question 59. The range of the Class C public IP Networks is
_________________ - _________________
(A) 10.0.0.0 - 140.255.255.0
(B) 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0
(C) 200.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0
(D) 224.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.0
Explanation 59. 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0 is the correct
answer.
Question 60. The senior network engineer asked you to
choose the last usable address for a host from the last subnet
according to the following details:
Network 9.0.0.0 (Class A)
Mask 255.255.0.0 (for all subnets)
(A) 9.255.255.254
(B) 10.255.255.254
(C) 11.255.255.254
(D) 12.255.255.254
Explanation 60. 9.255.255.254 is the correct answer.
First subnet
85
Subnet Network:9.0.0.0
First IP Address:9.0.0.1
Last IP Address:9.0.255.254
Broadcast Address:9.0.255.255
Second subnet
Subnet Network:9.1.0.0
First IP Address:9.1.0.1
Last IP Address:9.1.0.254
Broadcast Address:9.1.255.255
Third subnet
Subnet Network:9.2.0.0
First IP Address:9.2.0.1
Last IP Address:9.2.0.254
Broadcast Address:9.2.255.255
Forth subnet
Subnet Network:9.3.0.0
First IP Address:9.3.0.1
Last IP Address:9.3.0.254
Broadcast Address:9.3.255.255
Skipping many subnets…
Last subnet
86
Subnet Network:9.255.0.0
First IP Address:9.255.0.1
Last IP Address:9.255.255.254
Broadcast Address:9.255.255.255
Question 61. The first octet range from the Class B IP networks
is 1 - 126.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 61. FALSE is the correct answer.
De-
scrip-
tion
Class A
Class B
Class C
First
octet
range
1!–!126
128!–!191
192!–!223
Valid
net-
work
num-
bers
1.0.0.0!–
!126.0.0.0
128.0.0.0!–
!191.255.0.0
192.0.0.0!–
!223.255.255.0
87
Question 62. A network designer asked you how many subnet
(S) bits does he need to create 5 subnets?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
Explanation 62. 3 is the correct answer. 3 bits are enough to
create 5 subnets. You need to follow the formula of2
S
> num-
ber of subnetsto find out the required number of subnet bits
to create 5 subnets.
*S = number of subnet bits
For example:
2
1
= 2 < 5 is not large enough
2
2
= 4 < 5 is not large enough
2
3
= 8 > 5 is enough
Question 63. Which of the following are private IP networks?
(Choose all that apply)
(A) 172.31.100.0
De-
fault
mask
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
88
(B) 164.16.2.0
(C) 192.166.255.0
(D) 192.168.1.0
(E) 11.11.11.0
(F) 172.24.0.0
Explanation 63. A, D and F are the correct answers. The
range of private IP Networks are:
Class A 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
89
CHAPTER 4
ADVANCED IPv4 ADDRESSING
Questions 64-90
Question 64. Given the following IP address - 20.54.23.3 and
subnet mask - 255.255.255.0 choose the subnet ID and the
broadcast address from that particular IP.
(A) Subnet ID: 20.54.23.0
Broadcast Address: 20.54.23.255
(B) Subnet ID: 20.54.0.0
Broadcast Address: 20.54.0.255
(C) Subnet ID: 20.54.0.0
Broadcast Address: 20.54.255.255
(D) Subnet ID: 20.54.23.1
Broadcast Address: 20.54.23.255
Question 65. The converted binary mask
11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 to decimal is
_______________.
(A) 255.255.192.0
(B) 255.255.64.0
90
(C) 255.192.0.0
(D) 255.255.255.192
Question 66. The converted binary mask
11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000 to decimal is
_______________.
(A) 255.255.255.224
(B) 255.255.224.0
(C) 255.224.0.0
(D) 255.64.0.0
Question 67. The converted binary mask
11111110.00000000.00000000.00000000 to decimal is
_______________.
(A) 255.255.255.254
(B) 254.0.0.0
(C) 255.254.0.0
(D) 255.255.254.0
Question 68. You are working with a network engineer to de-
sign a network for the new Campus. He provided the following
details:
The IP address is 195.240.37.43
The subnet mask is 255.255.255.224
You have been tasked to:
91
1. Find the Prefix length
2. Find the Class of the address
(A) Prefix length = 24 | Class = C
(B) Prefix length = 20 | Class = B
(C) Prefix length = 15 | Class = C
(D) Prefix length = 30 | Class = A
Question 69. Your senior network engineer tells you to config-
ure the DHCP server to lease the last 100 usable IP addresses
in subnet 12.5.4.0/23. Which of the following IP addresses
could be leased as a result of your new configuration?
(A) 12.5.1.156
(B) 12.5.5.200
(C) 12.5.4.254
(D) 12.5.255.200
Question 70. You are working with a network engineer to de-
sign a network for the new Campus. He provided the following
details:
The IP address is 195.240.37.43
The subnet mask is 255.255.255.224
You have been tasked to find the:
1. Network (N) bits
2. Subnet bits (S)
92
3. Host (H) bits.
(A) Network Bits = 15 | Subnet Bits = 2 | Host Bits = 1
(B) Network Bits = 20 | Subnet Bits = 3 | Host Bits = 1
(C) Network Bits = 24 | Subnet Bits = 3 | Host Bits = 5
(D) Network Bits = 28 | Subnet Bits = 1 | Host Bits = 2
Question 71. Which of the following binary masks is equivalent
to the 255.255.255.240 dotted-decimal notation (DDN)?
(A) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
(B) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
(C) 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
(D) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111110
Question 72. Which of the following binary masks is equivalent
to the 255.192.0.0 dotted-decimal notation (DDN)?
(A) 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000
(B) 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
(C) 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
(D) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111110
Question 73. Find the subnet ID from the IP address
10.75.20.3/24
(A) 10.75.5.0
(B) 10.75.0.0
93
(C) 10.75.20.0
(D) 10.0.0.0
Question 74. Find the subnet ID from the IP address
10.75.20.4/17
(A) 10.75.5.0
(B) 10.75.0.0
(C) 10.75.20.0
(D) 10.0.0.0
Question 75. Which of the following dotted-decimal notation
(DDN) is equivalent of /17.
(A) 255.255.192.0
(B) 255.128.0.0
(C) 255.255.128.0
(D) 255.255.224.0
Question 76. Which of the following dotted-decimal notation
(DDN) is equivalent of /28.
(A) 255.255.255.240
(B) 255.128.224.0
(C) 255.255.255.224
(D) 255.255.255.248
Question 77. The broadcast address from the IP address
94
67.68.67.68/12 is 67.79.255.255.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 78. Subnet masks can be written as 32-bit binary
numbers, but not just any binary number. In particular, the bina-
ry subnet mask must follow these rules:
1. The value must not interleave 1s and 0s.
2. If 0s exist, they are on the left.
3. If 1s exist, they are on the right.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 79. Which of the following answers lists the prefix
(CIDR) format equivalent of 255.255.254.0?
(A) /20
(B) /21
(C) /22
(D) /23
Question 80. Which of the following answers lists the prefix
(CIDR) format equivalent of 255.192.0.0?
(A) /10
(B) /11
(C) /12
95
(D) /13
Question 81. Your task is to troubleshoot a user’s PC with IP
192.168.100.1/28. Based on the given details choose the num-
ber of the network (N), subnet (S), and host (H) bits.
(A) Network Bits = 28 | Subnet Bits = 1 | Host Bits = 2
(B) Network Bits = 20 | Subnet Bits = 5 | Host Bits = 7
(C) Network Bits = 24 | Subnet Bits = 4 | Host Bits = 4
(D) Network Bits = 30 | Subnet Bits = 1 | Host Bits = 1
Question 82. Your task is to find the broadcast address from
the IP address 10.75.20.3 with subnet mask 255.248.0.0
(A) Broadcast address: 10.75.255.255
(B) Broadcast address: 10.75.20.255
(C) Broadcast address: 10.79.255.255
(D) Broadcast address: 10.80.255.255
Question 83. Your task is to find the broadcast address from
the IP address 172.30.70.26 with subnet mask 255.255.192.0
(A) Broadcast address: 172.30.127.255
(B) Broadcast address: 172.30.70.255
(C) Broadcast address: 172.30.100.255
(D) Broadcast address: 172.30.87.255
Question 84. Which of the following answers lists the dotted-
96
decimal notation (DDN) equivalent of /30?
(A) 255.255.255.240
(B) 255.255.255.252
(C) 255.255.192.0
(D) 255.255.252.0
Question 85. Which of the following answers lists the dotted-
decimal notation (DDN) equivalent of /18?
(A) 255.255.255.192
(B) 255.255.224.0
(C) 255.255.128.0
(D) 255.255.192.0
Question 86. Which of the following masks, when used within
a Class B network, would supply enough subnet bits to support
90 subnets? (Choose two)
(A) /24
(B) /21
(C) /19
(D) 255.255.255.252
(E) 255.255.240.0
(F) 255.255.224.0
Question 87. Which of the following masks, when used within
a Class A network, would supply enough subnet bits to support
97
8 subnets? (Choose two)
(A) /10
(B) /11
(C) /9
(D) /8
Question 88. Your task is to troubleshoot a user’s PC with IP
10.20.30.5 and mask 255.255.255.0. Based on the given de-
tails type the number of the network (N), subnet (S), and host
(H) bits.
(A) Network Bits = 16 | Subnet Bits = 15 | Host Bits = 1
(B) Network Bits = 16 | Subnet Bits = 1 | Host Bits = 15
(C) Network Bits = 8 | Subnet Bits = 8 | Host Bits = 16
(D) Network Bits = 8 | Subnet Bits = 16 | Host Bits = 8
Question 89. The converted binary mask
11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000 to decimal is
_______________.
(A) 255.255.255.192
(B) 255.255.254.0
(C) 255.255.252.0
(D) 255.255.255.224
Question 90. Which of the following binary masks is equiva-
lent to the 255.192.0.0 dotted-decimal notation (DDN)?
98
(A) 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000
(B) 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000
(C) 11111111.11110000.00000000.00000000
(D) 11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000
99
Answers 64-90
Question 64. Given the following IP address - 20.54.23.3 and
subnet mask - 255.255.255.0 choose the subnet ID and the
broadcast address from that particular IP.
(A) Subnet ID: 20.54.23.0
Broadcast Address: 20.54.23.255
(B) Subnet ID: 20.54.0.0
Broadcast Address: 20.54.0.255
(C) Subnet ID: 20.54.0.0
Broadcast Address: 20.54.255.255
(D) Subnet ID: 20.54.23.1
Broadcast Address: 20.54.23.255
Explanation 64. A is the correct answer. If the mask has only
255 and 0 then the process of finding the subnet ID and the
broadcast address is straightforward.
Use the following steps for each of the four octets to find the
subnet ID:
Step 1)If the mask octet = 255, copy the decimal IP address.
Step 2)If the mask octet = 0, write a decimal 0.
Use the following steps for each of the four octets to find the
100
subnet broadcast address:
Step 1)If the mask octet = 255, copy the decimal IP address.
Step 2)If the mask octet = 0, write a decimal 255.
Question 65. The converted binary mask
11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 to decimal is
_______________.
(A) 255.255.192.0
(B) 255.255.64.0
(C) 255.192.0.0
(D) 255.255.255.192
Explanation 65. 255.255.192.0 is the correct answer.
There are only nine possible values in one octet of a subnet
mask as shown in the table below.
Binary Mask
Octet
Decimal Equiva-
lent
Number of Bina-
ry 1s
0
0
0
10000000
128
1
11000000
192
2
11100000
224
3
101
Question 66. The converted binary mask
11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000 to decimal is
_______________.
(A) 255.255.255.224
(B) 255.255.224.0
(C) 255.224.0.0
(D) 255.64.0.0
Explanation 66. 255.224.0.0 is the correct answer.
There are only nine possible values in one octet of a subnet
mask as shown in the table below.
11110000
240
4
11111000
248
5
11111100
252
6
11111110
254
7
11111111
255
8
Binary Mask
Octet
Decimal Equiva-
lent
Number of Bina-
ry 1s
0
0
0
102
Question 67. The converted binary mask
11111110.00000000.00000000.00000000 to decimal is
_______________.
(A) 255.255.255.254
(B) 254.0.0.0
(C) 255.254.0.0
(D) 255.255.254.0
Explanation 67. 254.0.0.0 is the correct answer.
There are only nine possible values in one octet of a subnet
mask as shown in the table below.
10000000
128
1
11000000
192
2
11100000
224
3
11110000
240
4
11111000
248
5
11111100
252
6
11111110
254
7
11111111
255
8
103
Question 68. You are working with a network engineer to de-
sign a network for the new Campus. He provided the following
details:
The IP address is 195.240.37.43
The subnet mask is 255.255.255.224
Binary Mask
Octet
Decimal Equiva-
lent
Number of Bina-
ry 1s
0
0
0
10000000
128
1
11000000
192
2
11100000
224
3
11110000
240
4
11111000
248
5
11111100
252
6
11111110
254
7
11111111
255
8
104
You ha ve bee n ta sked to :
1. Find the Prefix length
2. Find the Class of the address
(A) Prefix length = 24 | Class = C
(B) Prefix length = 20 | Class = B
(C) Prefix length = 15 | Class = C
(D) Prefix length = 30 | Class = A
Explanation 68. Prefix length = 24 | Class = C is the correct
answer. ThePrefix Lengthcan be found once you convert the
mask to binary and count the 1s.
In this case, the subnet mask 255.255.255.224 in binary is
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000.
Count the number of the 1s to find the prefix length.
Prefix Length: /27.
The address 195.240.37.43 is aClass C.
The range of Class C public IP Networks is: 192.0.0.0 –
223.255.255.0
The number Network bits for Class C address is24 bits.
Question 69. Your senior network engineer tells you to config-
ure the DHCP server to lease the last 100 usable IP addresses
105
in subnet 12.5.4.0/23. Which of the following IP addresses
could be leased as a result of your new configuration?
(A) 12.5.1.156
(B) 12.5.5.200
(C) 12.5.4.254
(D) 12.5.255.200
Explanation 69. 12.5.5.200 is the correct answer. To answer
this question, you need to find the range of addresses in the
subnet, which typically then means you need to calculate the
subnet ID and subnet broadcast address. With a subnet ID/
mask of 12.5.4.0/23, the mask converts to 255.255.254.0.
The subnet mask is 255.255.254.0, so the network ID multipli-
er is 256 – 254 = 2.
The possible subnet IDs are 12.5.0.0, 12.5.2.0, 12.5.4.0,
12.5.6.0, 12.5.8.0, 12.5.10.0 and so on. In this case, the net-
work 12.5.4.0 is the winner.
The IP address range of the network is 12.5.4.0 – 12.5.5.255
(the next address 12.5.6.0 is the next subnet ID)
The broadcast address is the last address of the network so,
the broadcast address is 12.5.5.255. The usable addresses of
that network are 12.5.4.1 – 12.5.5.254 we exclude the network
106
ID (12.5.4.0) and the broadcast address (12.5.5.255).
Now you need to find the last 100 usable addresses to con-
figure the DHCP. The range of the last 100 usable IP addresses
is 12.5.5.155 – 12.5.5.254
Question 70. You are working with a network engineer to de-
sign a network for the new Campus. He provided the following
details:
The IP address is 195.240.37.43
The subnet mask is 255.255.255.224
You have been tasked to find the:
1. Network (N) bits
2. Subnet bits (S)
3. Host (H) bits.
(A) Network Bits = 15 | Subnet Bits = 2 | Host Bits = 1
(B) Network Bits = 20 | Subnet Bits = 3 | Host Bits = 1
(C) Network Bits = 24 | Subnet Bits = 3 | Host Bits = 5
(D) Network Bits = 28 | Subnet Bits = 1 | Host Bits = 2
Explanation 70. Network Bits = 24 | Subnet Bits = 3 | Host
Bits = 5 is the correct answer. ThePrefix Lengthcan be
found once you convert the mask to binary and count the 1s.
In this case, the subnet mask 255.255.255.224 in binary is
107
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000.
Count the number of the 1s to find the prefix length.
Prefix Length: /27.
The address 195.240.37.43 is aClass C.
The range of Class C public IP Networks is: 192.0.0.0 –
223.255.255.0
The number Network bits for Class C address is24 bits.
So, the Network bits are 24.
The number of Subnet bits is Prefix length (27) – Network bits
(24).
So, the Subnet bits are 27 – 24 = 3.
The number of Host bits is the number of total address bits (32)
– Prefix length (27).
So, the host bits are 32 – 27 = 5.
Question 71. Which of the following binary masks is equivalent
to the 255.255.255.240 dotted-decimal notation (DDN)?
(A) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
(B) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
(C) 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
(D) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111110
108
Explanation 71. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 is the
correct answer. There are only nine possible values in one
octet of a subnet mask as shown in the table below. So start
converting each octet one by one to get the final result.
1. First octet = 255 | First octet in binary = 11111111
2. Second octet = 255 | Second octet in binary = 11111111
3. Third octet = 255 | Third octet in binary = 11111111
4. Forth octet = 240 | Forth octet in binary = 11110000
Final result: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
Binary Mask
Octet
Decimal Equiva-
lent
Number of Bina-
ry 1s
0
0
0
10000000
128
1
11000000
192
2
11100000
224
3
11110000
240
4
11111000
248
5
109
Question 72. Which of the following binary masks is equivalent
to the 255.192.0.0 dotted-decimal notation (DDN)?
(A) 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000
(B) 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
(C) 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
(D) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111110
Explanation 72. 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000
is the correct answer. There are only nine possible values in
one octet of a subnet mask as shown in the table below.
So start converting each octet one by one to get the final result.
1. First octet = 255 | First octet in binary = 11111111
2. Second octet = 192 | Second octet in binary = 11000000
3. Third octet = 0 | Third octet in binary = 00000000
4. Forth octet = 0 | Forth octet in binary = 00000000
Final result: 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000
11111100
252
6
11111110
254
7
11111111
255
8
110
Question 73. Find the subnet ID from the IP address
10.75.20.3/24
(A) 10.75.5.0
(B) 10.75.0.0
(C) 10.75.20.0
(D) 10.0.0.0
Explanation 73. 10.75.20.0 is the correct answer.
IP address = 10.75.20.3/24
Subnet mask = 255.255.255.0
The subnet mask can be found from the prefix length /24.
To find the subnet ID follow the steps for each of the four
octets.
Step 1) If the mask octet = 255, copy the decimal IP address.
Step 2) If the mask octet = 0, write a decimal 0.
The subnet ID for 10.75.20.3/24 is 10.75.20.0
Question 74. Find the subnet ID from the IP address
10.75.20.4/17
(A) 10.75.5.0
(B) 10.75.0.0
(C) 10.75.20.0
111
(D) 10.0.0.0
Explanation 74. 10.75.0.0 is the correct answer.
IP address = 10.75.20.4/17
Subnet mask = 255.255.128.0
The subnet mask can be found from the prefix length /17.
The subnet mask is 255.255.128.0, so the network ID multiplier
is 256 – 128 = 128
The possible subnet IDs are 10.75.0.0 and 10.75.128.0.
As you can see the network 10.75.0.0 is the winner as the IP
address of 10.75.20.4 belongs to that network IP range.
The IP address range of the network is 10.75.0.0 –
10.75.127.255 (the next address 10.75.128.0 is the next subnet
ID). The subnet ID for 10.75.20.4/17 is 10.75.0.0
Question 75. Which of the following dotted-decimal notation
(DDN) is equivalent of /17.
(A) 255.255.192.0
(B) 255.128.0.0
(C) 255.255.128.0
112
(D) 255.255.224.0
Explanation 75. 255.255.128.0 is the correct answer.
The/17is the equivalent of the mask that in binary has 17 bina-
ry 1s.
To convert that to DDN format, write down all the binary 1s (17
in this case), followed by binary 0s for the remainder of the 32-
bit mask.
Then take 8 bits at a time and convert from binary to decimal.
Using the /17 mask in this question, the binary mask
is11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000. Each of the first
two octets is all binary 1s, so each converts to 255.
The third octet, 10000000, converts to 128, for a DDN mask
of255.255.128.0.
Question 76. Which of the following dotted-decimal notation
(DDN) is equivalent of /28.
(A) 255.255.255.240
(B) 255.128.224.0
(C) 255.255.255.224
(D) 255.255.255.248
113
Explanation 76. 255.255.128.0 is the correct answer.
The/28is the equivalent of the mask that in binary has 17 bi-
nary 1s.
To convert that to DDN format, write down all the binary 1s (17
in this case), followed by binary 0s for the remainder of the 32-
bit mask.
Then take 8 bits at a time and convert from binary to decimal.
Using the /28 mask in this question, the binary mask
is11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000. Each of the first three
octets is all binary 1s, so each converts to 255.
The forth octet, 11110000, converts to 240, for a DDN mask
of255.255.255.240.
Question 77. The broadcast address from the IP address
67.68.67.68/12 is 67.79.255.255.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 77. TRUE is the correct answer.
First, you have to find the subnet mask for the prefix/12. The
114
prefix length means that the subnet mask in binary
is:11111111.11110000.00000000.00000000
Now, convert the subnet mask from binary to decimal.
The subnet mask in decimal is255.240.0.0, so the network ID
multiplier is 256 – 240 = 16
So, the possible subnet IDs are:
67.0.0.0
67.16.0.0
67.32.0.0
67.48.0.0
67.64.0.0
67.80.0.0 and so on…
As you can see the network 67.64.0.0 is the winner as the IP
address of 67.68.67.68 belongs to that particular network IP
range.
The IP address range of the network is 67.64.0.0 –
67.79.255.255 (the next address 67.80.0.0 is the next subnet
ID)
The broadcast address is the last address of the network so,
the broadcast address is 67.79.255.255
115
Question 78. Subnet masks can be written as 32-bit binary
numbers, but not just any binary number. In particular, the bina-
ry subnet mask must follow these rules:
1. The value must not interleave 1s and 0s.
2. If 0s exist, they are on the left.
3. If 1s exist, they are on the right.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 78. FALSE is the correct answer.
Subnet masks can be written as 32-bit binary numbers, but not
just any binary number. In particular, the binary subnet mask
must follow these rules:
1. The value must not interleave 1s and 0s.
2. If 1s exist, they are on the left.
3. If 0s exist, they are on the right.
Question 79. Which of the following answers lists the prefix
(CIDR) format equivalent of 255.255.254.0?
(A) /20
(B) /21
(C) /22
(D) /23
116
Explanation 79. /23 is the correct answer.
Convert one octet at a time:
The first octet (255) convert to an 8-bit binary11111111total 8.
The second octet (255) convert to an 8-bit binary11111111to-
tal 8.
The third octet (254) convert to an 8-bit binary11111110total
7.
The fourth octet (0) convert to an 8-bit binary00000000total
0.
The equivalent of 255.255.254.0 is
11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
So, the total number of binary 1s (which defines the prefix
length) is 8 + 8 + 7 + 0 = /23.
Question 80. Which of the following answers lists the prefix
(CIDR) format equivalent of 255.192.0.0?
(A) /10
(B) /11
(C) /12
(D) /13
Explanation 80. /10 is the correct answer.
Convert one octet at a time:
117
The first octet (255) convert to an 8-bit binary11111111total 8.
The second octet (192) convert to an 8-bit
binary11000000total 2.
The third octet (0) convert to an 8-bit binary00000000total
0.
The fourth octet (0) convert to an 8-bit binary00000000total
0.
The equivalent of 255.192.0.0 is
11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000
So, the total number of binary 1s (which defines the prefix
length) is 8 + 2 + 0 + 0 = /10.
Question 81. Your task is to troubleshoot a user’s PC with IP
192.168.100.1/28. Based on the given details choose the num-
ber of the network (N), subnet (S), and host (H) bits.
(A) Network Bits = 28 | Subnet Bits = 1 | Host Bits = 2
(B) Network Bits = 20 | Subnet Bits = 5 | Host Bits = 7
(C) Network Bits = 24 | Subnet Bits = 4 | Host Bits = 4
(D) Network Bits = 30 | Subnet Bits = 1 | Host Bits = 1
Explanation 81. Network Bits = 24 | Subnet Bits = 4 | Host
Bits = 4 is the correct answer.
The size of thenetwork partis always either 8, 16, or 24 bits,
118
based on whether it is Class A, B, or C, respectively.
In this case, we have a Class C address, so the network part is
24bits.
N = 24
The prefix format is /28 so the mask is 255.255.255.240.
The number of subnet bits is the difference between the prefix
length(28) and N(24).
S = prefix – N
S = 28 – 4 bits
S = 4
The number of the host bits is the total number of IP address
bits(32) which is always 32bits minus the prefix length(28).
H = Address bits – prefix
H = 32 – 28
H = 4
Question 82. Your task is to find the broadcast address from
the IP address 10.75.20.3 with subnet mask 255.248.0.0
(A) Broadcast address: 10.75.255.255
(B) Broadcast address: 10.75.20.255
(C) Broadcast address: 10.79.255.255
(D) Broadcast address: 10.80.255.255
119
Explanation 82. Broadcast address: 10.79.255.255 is the
correct answer. The process of finding the broadcast ID when
the mask is neither 255 nor 0 is more complicated. In order to
find the broadcast ID you have to find thenetwork ID multipli-
er.
The network ID multiplier can be found once you subtract the
256 – last octet from the mask that is neither 255 nor 0.
The subnet mask is 255.248.0.0, so the network ID multiplier is
256 – 248 = 8
The possible subnet IDs are:
10.0.0.0
10.8.0.0
10.16.0.0
10.24.0.0
….
….
10.64.0.0
10.72.0.0
10.80.0.0
10.88.0.0
10.96.0.0 and so on…
120
As you can see the network 10.72.0.0 is the winner as the IP
address of 10.75.20.3 belongs to that particular network IP
range.
The IP address range of the network is 10.72.0.0 –
10.79.255.255 (the next address 10.80.0.0 is the next subnet
ID)
The broadcast address is the last address of the network so,
the broadcast address is 10.79.255.255.
Question 83. Your task is to find the broadcast address from
the IP address 172.30.70.26 with subnet mask 255.255.192.0
(A) Broadcast address: 172.30.127.255
(B) Broadcast address: 172.30.70.255
(C) Broadcast address: 172.30.100.255
(D) Broadcast address: 172.30.87.255
Explanation 83. Broadcast address: 172.30.127.255 is the
correct answer. The process of finding the broadcast ID when
the mask is neither 255 nor 0 is more complicated. In order to
find the broadcast ID you have to find thenetwork ID multipli-
er.
The network ID multiplier can be found once you subtract the
121
256 – last octet from the mask that is neither 255 nor 0.
The subnet mask is 255.255.192.0, so the network ID multiplier
is 256 – 192 = 64
The possible subnet IDs are:
172.30.0.0
172.30.64.0
172.30.128.0
172.30.192.0
In this case, the network 172.30.64.0 is the winner as the IP
address of 172.30.70.26 belongs to that particular network IP
range.
The IP address range of the network is 172.30.64.0 –
172.30.127.255 (the next address 172.30.128.0 is the next sub-
net ID)
The broadcast address is the last address of the network so,
the broadcast address is 172.30.127.255
Question 84. Which of the following answers lists the dotted-
decimal notation (DDN) equivalent of /30?
(A) 255.255.255.240
122
(B) 255.255.255.252
(C) 255.255.192.0
(D) 255.255.252.0
Explanation 84. 255.255.255.252 is the correct answer.
/30 is the equivalent of the mask that in binary has 30 bi-
nary 1s.To convert that to DDN format, write down all the bina-
ry 1s (30 in this case), followed by binary 0s for the remainder
of the 32-bit mask. Then take 8 bits at a time and convert from
binary to decimal.
Using the /30 mask in this question, the binary mask
is11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100. Each of the first three
octets is all binary 1s, so each converts to 255.
The last octet, 11111100, converts to 252, for a DDN mask of
255.255.255.252.
Question 85. Which of the following answers lists the dotted-
decimal notation (DDN) equivalent of /18?
(A) 255.255.255.192
(B) 255.255.224.0
(C) 255.255.128.0
(D) 255.255.192.0
123
Explanation 85. 255.255.192.0 is the correct answer.
/18 is the equivalent of the mask that in binary has 18 bina-
ry 1s.To convert that to DDN format, write down all the binary
1s (18 in this case), followed by binary 0s for the remainder of
the 32-bit mask. Then take 8 bits at a time and convert from
binary to decimal.
Using the /18 mask in this question, the binary mask
is11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000. Each of the first
two octets is all binary 1s, so each converts to 255.
The third octet, 11000000, converts to 252, for a DDN mask of
255.255.192.0.
Question 86. Which of the following masks, when used within
a Class B network, would supply enough subnet bits to support
90 subnets? (Choose two)
(A) /24
(B) /21
(C) /19
(D) 255.255.255.252
(E) 255.255.240.0
(F) 255.255.224.0
Explanation 86. A and D are the correct answers.
124
The masks in binary define a number of binary 1s, and the
number of binary 1s defines the length of the prefix (network +
subnet) part. With a Class B network, the network part is 16
bits.
To support 90 subnets,the subnet part must be at least 7 bits
long. Six subnet bits would supply only 2
6
= 64 subnets, while
7 subnet bits supply 2
7
= 128 subnets.
The/24answer supplies 8 subnet bits, and
the255.255.255.252answer supplies 14 subnet bits.
Question 87. Which of the following masks, when used within
a Class A network, would supply enough subnet bits to support
8 subnets? (Choose two)
(A) /10
(B) /11
(C) /9
(D) /8
Explanation 87. /11 is the correct answer.
The mask in binary define a number of binary 1s, and the num-
ber of binary 1s defines the length of the prefix (network + sub-
net) part.
With a Class A network, the network part is 8 bits.
125
To support 8 subnets,the subnet part must be at least 3 bits
long. Two subnet bits would supply only 2
2
= 4 subnets, while
3 subnet bits supply 2
3
= 8 subnets.
The/11answer supplies 3 subnet bits.
Question 88. Your task is to troubleshoot a user’s PC with IP
10.20.30.5 and mask 255.255.255.0. Based on the given de-
tails type the number of the network (N), subnet (S), and host
(H) bits.
(A) Network Bits = 16 | Subnet Bits = 15 | Host Bits = 1
(B) Network Bits = 16 | Subnet Bits = 1 | Host Bits = 15
(C) Network Bits = 8 | Subnet Bits = 8 | Host Bits = 16
(D) Network Bits = 8 | Subnet Bits = 16 | Host Bits = 8
Explanation 88. Network Bits = 8 | Subnet Bits = 16 | Host
Bits = 8 is the correct answer.
The size of thenetwork partis always either 8, 16, or 24 bits,
based on whether it is Class A, B, or C, respectively.
In this case, we have a Class A address, so the network part is
8bits.
N = 8
126
The mask 255.255.255.0, converted to prefix format is /24.
The number of subnet bits is the difference between the prefix
length(24) and N(8).
S = prefix – N
S = 24 – 8 bits
S = 16
The number of the host bits is the total number of IP address
bits(32) which is always 32bits minus the prefix length(28).
H = Adddres bits – prefix
H = 32 – 24
H = 8
Question 89. The converted binary mask
11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000 to decimal is
_______________.
(A) 255.255.255.192
(B) 255.255.254.0
(C) 255.255.252.0
(D) 255.255.255.224
Explanation 89. 255.255.254.0 is the correct answer.
There are only nine possible values in one octet of a subnet
mask as shown in the table below.
127
Question 90. Which of the following binary masks is equiva-
lent to the 255.192.0.0 dotted-decimal notation (DDN)?
(A) 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000
(B) 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000
(C) 11111111.11110000.00000000.00000000
(D) 11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000
Binary Mask
Octet
Decimal Equiva-
lent
Number of Bina-
ry 1s
0
0
0
10000000
128
1
11000000
192
2
11100000
224
3
11110000
240
4
11111000
248
5
11111100
252
6
11111110
254
7
11111111
255
8
128
Explanation 90. 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000
is the correct answer. There are only nine possible values in
one octet of a subnet mask as shown in the table below. So
start converting each octet one by one to get the final result.
1. First octet = 255 | First octet in binary = 11111111
2. Second octet = 192 | Second octet in binary = 11100000
3. Third octet = 0 | Third octet in binary = 00000000
4. Forth octet = 0 | Forth octet in binary = 00000000
Final result: 11111111. 11100000.00000000.00000000
Binary Mask
Octet
Decimal Equiva-
lent
Number of Bina-
ry 1s
0
0
0
10000000
128
1
11000000
192
2
11100000
224
3
11110000
240
4
11111000
248
5
11111100
252
6
129
11111110
254
7
11111111
255
8
130
CHAPTER 5
IPv4 ROUTING
Questions 91-105
Question 91. You have noticed that a server with IP 145.45.3.2
doesn’t respond to requests. What command will you type first
in order to test connectivity between your device and the
server?
(A) request 145.45.3.2
(B) check 145.45.3.2
(C) ping 145.45.3.2
(D) ping 145.45.3.2
Question 92. A LAN design uses a Layer 3 EtherChannel be-
tween two switches SW1 and SW2, with port-channel interface
1 used on both switches. SW1 uses ports G0/1 and G0/2 in the
channel. However, only interface G0/1 is bundled into the
channel and working. Think about the configuration settings on
port G0/2 that could have existed before adding G0/2 to the
EtherChannel. Which answers identify a setting that could pre-
vent IOS from adding G0/2 to the Layer 3 EtherChannel?
(Choose two answers.)
(A) A different STP cost (spanning-tree cost value)
131
(B) A different access VLAN (switchport access vlan vlan-
id)
(C) A different speed (speed value)
(D) A default setting for switchport (switchport)
Question 93. A network engineer has configured a Layer 3
switch with SVIs for VLANs 4 and 5. Hosts in the subnets using
VLANs 4 and 5 can ping each other with the Layer 3 switch
routing the packets. The next week, the network engineer re-
ceives a call that those same users can no longer ping each
other. If the problem is with the Layer 3 switching function,
which of the following could have caused the problem?
(Choose two answers.)
(A) A shutdown command issued from VLAN 4 configura-
tion mode
(B) VTP on the switch removing VLAN 5 from the switch’s
VLAN list
(C) 1 out of 10 working VLAN 4 access ports failing due to
physical problems
(D) A shutdown command issued from VLAN 6 configura-
tion mode
Question 94. Which of the given commands produces the fol-
lowing output?
Output:
132
Global values:
Internet Protocol routing is enabled
Embedded-Service-Engine0/0 is administratively down, line
protocol is down
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 158.16.1.1/24
GigabitEthernet0/1 is administratively down, line protocol is
down
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 158.16.4.1/24
Serial0/0/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
GigabitEthernet0/1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 158.16.1.1/24
(A) show interfaces
(B) show protocols
(C) show values
(D) show routing
Question 95. Which of the following commands lists the
router’s entire routing table?
(A) show route
(B) show routing table
(C) show ip route
(D) show route table
133
Question 96. Which of the following commands lists detailed
information about the route 156.10.2.0.
(A) show route 156.10.2.0
(B) show routing table 156.10.2.0
(C) show ip route 156.10.2.0
(D) show route table 156.10.2.0
Question 97. The commands ping and traceroute send mes-
sages in the network to test connectivity and rely on other de-
vices to send back a reply
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 98. A router lists the following partial output from the
show ip route command. Out which interface will the router
route packets destined to IP address 180.5.38.122?
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 5 masks
O 180.5.38.100/32 [110/50] via 172.16.25.2, 00:00:04, Giga-
bitEthernet0/0/0
O 180.5.38.64/26 [110/100] via 172.16.25.129, 00:00:09, Gi-
gabitEthernet0/1/0
O 180.5.37.0/23 [110/65] via 172.16.24.2, 00:00:04, Gigabit-
Ethernet0/2/0
134
O 180.5.38.96/27 [110/65] via 172.16.24.129, 00:00:09, Giga-
bitEthernet0/3/0
O 0.0.0.0/0 [110/129] via 172.16.25.129, 00:00:09, GigabitEth-
ernet0/0/0
(A) G0/3/0
(B) G0/2/0
(C) G0/1/0
(D) G0/0/0
Question 99. You are connected on a router R1, Which com-
mand will you type the command to connect to R2 using SSH.
Login credentials in order to get access to R2.
R2’s IP address: 145.167.2.1
username: userexamsdigest
password: passexamsdigest
(A) ssh -l userexamsdigest 145.167.2.1
passexamsdigest
(B) ssh -l userexamsdigest 145.167.2.2
passexamsdigest
(C) ssh -l userexams 145.167.2.1
passexamsdigest
135
(D) ssh -l userexamsdigest 145.167.2.1
examsdigest
Question 100. The senior network engineer of your company,
tells you to configure the interfaces of the R1 based on the dia-
gram below. The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
(A) R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# interface G0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.162.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface G0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.161.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface S0/0
136
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
(B) R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# interface G0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.162.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface G0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.161.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface S0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
(C) R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# interface G0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.162.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface G0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.161.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface S0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
137
(D) R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# interface G0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.162.1 255.255.0.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface G0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.161.1 255.255.0.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface S0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.1 255.255.0.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
Question 101. You have been tasked to set the router’s IPv4
address and mask. What command will you type to complete
the task?
(A) ip address [address mask]
(B) interface [address mask]
(C) set ip [address mask]
(D) add address [address mask]
Question 102. You have been tasked to list a single line of in-
formation about each interface, including the IP address, line
and protocol status, and the method with which the address
was configured. What command will you type to complete the
task?
(A) show ip protocol brief
138
(B) show ip addresses brief
(C) show ip interface brief
(D) show ip status brief
Question 103. After configuring a working router interface with
IP address/mask 10.1.1.100/26, which of the following routes
would you expect to see in the output of the show ip route
command? (Choose two answers.)
(A) A connected route for subnet 10.1.1.64 255.255.255.192
(B) A local route for host 10.1.1.64 255.255.255.255
(C) A local route for host 10.1.1.100 255.255.255.255
(D) A local route for host 10.1.1.100 255.255.255.192
(E) A connected route for subnet 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
Question 104. What command will you type to enable a
switch's interface to be a routed interface instead of a switched
interface
(A) routed interface
(B) enable interface
(C) no switch interface
(D) no switchport
Question 105. You are responsible to configure a static route
for the network 156.187.45.0/24 using the IP address
156.187.80.45 as the next-hop IP. Which command will you
139
type to meet the requirement?
(A) ip route 156.187.45.0 255.255.0.0 156.187.80.45
(B) ip route 156.187.45.0 255.255.255.0 156.187.80.46
(C) ip route 156.187.0.0 255.255.255.0 156.187.80.45
(D) ip route 156.187.45.0 255.255.255.0 156.187.80.45
140
Answers 91-105
Question 91. You have noticed that a server with IP 145.45.3.2
doesn’t respond to requests. What command will you type first
in order to test connectivity between your device and the
server?
(A) request 145.45.3.2
(B) check 145.45.3.2
(C) ping 145.45.3.2
(D) ping 145.45.3.2
Explanation 91. ping 145.45.3.2 is the correct answer. The
command you will type first to test the connectivity between
your device and the server is:
Thepingcommand tests connectivity by sending packets to
an IP address, expecting the device at that address to send
packets back.
Thepingcommand uses the Internet Control Message Proto-
col (ICMP), specifically the ICMP echo request and ICMP echo
reply messages.
Question 92. A LAN design uses a Layer 3 EtherChannel be-
tween two switches SW1 and SW2, with port-channel interface
141
1 used on both switches. SW1 uses ports G0/1 and G0/2 in the
channel. However, only interface G0/1 is bundled into the
channel and working. Think about the configuration settings on
port G0/2 that could have existed before adding G0/2 to the
EtherChannel. Which answers identify a setting that could pre-
vent IOS from adding G0/2 to the Layer 3 EtherChannel?
(Choose two answers.)
(A) A different STP cost (spanning-tree cost value)
(B) A different access VLAN (switchport access vlan vlan-id)
(C) A different speed (speed value)
(D) A default setting for switchport (switchport)
Explanation 92. C and D are the correct answers. With a
Layer 3 EtherChannel, two configuration settings must be the
same on all the physical ports, specifically the speed and du-
plex as set with the speed and duplex commands. Additionally,
the physical ports and port-channel port must all have the no
switchport command configured to make each act as a routed
port.
So, having a different speed setting, or being configured with
switchport rather than no switchport, would prevent IOS from
adding interface G0/2 to the Layer 3 EtherChannel.
Question 93. A network engineer has configured a Layer 3
142
switch with SVIs for VLANs 4 and 5. Hosts in the subnets using
VLANs 4 and 5 can ping each other with the Layer 3 switch
routing the packets. The next week, the network engineer re-
ceives a call that those same users can no longer ping each
other. If the problem is with the Layer 3 switching function,
which of the following could have caused the problem?
(Choose two answers.)
(A) A shutdown command issued from VLAN 4 configu-
ration mode
(B) VTP on the switch removing VLAN 5 from the
switch’s VLAN list
(C) 1 out of 10 working VLAN 4 access ports failing due to
physical problems
(D) A shutdown command issued from VLAN 6 configura-
tion mode
Explanation 93. A and B are the correct answers. A Layer 3
switch will not route packets on a VLAN interface unless it is in
an up/up state.
A VLAN interface will only be up/up if the matching VLAN (with
the same VLAN number)exists on the switch. If VTP deletes
the VLAN, then the VLAN interface moves to a down/down
state, and the routing on that interface stop.
Also, disabling VLAN 4 with the shutdown command in VLAN
143
configuration mode also causes the matching VLAN 4 interface
to fail, which makes routing on interface VLAN 4 stop as well.
A Layer 3 switch needs only one access port or trunk port for-
warding for a VLAN to enable routing for that VLAN, so nine of
the ten access ports in VLAN 4 could fail, leaving one working
port, and the switch would keep routing for VLAN 4.
A shutdown of VLAN 6 can’t affect the VLANs 4 and 5.
Question 94. Which of the given commands produces the fol-
lowing output?
Output:
Global values:
Internet Protocol routing is enabled
Embedded-Service-Engine0/0 is administratively down, line
protocol is down
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 158.16.1.1/24
GigabitEthernet0/1 is administratively down, line protocol is
down
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 158.16.4.1/24
Serial0/0/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
144
GigabitEthernet0/1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 158.16.1.1/24
(A) show interfaces
(B) show protocols
(C) show values
(D) show routing
Explanation 94. show protocols is the correct answer.
Question 95. Which of the following commands lists the
router’s entire routing table?
(A) show route
(B) show routing table
(C) show ip route
(D) show route table
Explanation 95. show ip route is the correct answer.
Question 96. Which of the following commands lists detailed
information about the route 156.10.2.0.
(A) show route 156.10.2.0
(B) show routing table 156.10.2.0
(C) show ip route 156.10.2.0
(D) show route table 156.10.2.0
145
Explanation 96. show ip route 156.10.2.0 is the correct an-
swer.
Question 97. The commands ping and traceroute send mes-
sages in the network to test connectivity and rely on other de-
vices to send back a reply
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 97. TRUE is the correct answer. ping and
traceroute commands help network engineers isolate prob-
lems. Here is a comparison of the two:
1. Both send messages in the network to test connectivity.
2. Both rely on other devices to send back a reply.
3. Both have wide support on many different operating sys-
tems.
4. Both can use a hostname or an IP address to identify the
destination.
5. On routers, both have a standard and extended version, al-
lowing better testing of the reverse route.
Question 98. A router lists the following partial output from the
show ip route command. Out which interface will the router
146
route packets destined to IP address 180.5.38.122?
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 5 masks
O 180.5.38.100/32 [110/50] via 172.16.25.2, 00:00:04, Giga-
bitEthernet0/0/0
O 180.5.38.64/26 [110/100] via 172.16.25.129, 00:00:09, Gi-
gabitEthernet0/1/0
O 180.5.37.0/23 [110/65] via 172.16.24.2, 00:00:04, Gigabit-
Ethernet0/2/0
O 180.5.38.96/27 [110/65] via 172.16.24.129, 00:00:09, Giga-
bitEthernet0/3/0
O 0.0.0.0/0 [110/129] via 172.16.25.129, 00:00:09, GigabitEth-
ernet0/0/0
(A) G0/3/0
(B) G0/2/0
(C) G0/1/0
(D) G0/0/0
Explanation 98. G0/3/0 is the correct answer. Destination
address 180.5.38.122matches all the routes listed except the
host route to 180.5.38.100/32.
The router will choose the matching route that has the longest
prefix length, that is, the prefix-style mask with the highest
147
number. In this case, that route lists subnet 180.5.38.96 and
mask /27, which listsinterface G0/3/0as the outgoing inter-
face.
Question 99. You are connected on a router R1, Which com-
mand will you type the command to connect to R2 using SSH.
Use the following login credentials in order to get access to R2.
R2’s IP address: 145.167.2.1
username: userexamsdigest
password: passexamsdigest
(A) ssh -l userexamsdigest 145.167.2.1
passexamsdigest
(B) ssh -l userexamsdigest 145.167.2.2
passexamsdigest
(C) ssh -l userexams 145.167.2.1
passexamsdigest
(D) ssh -l userexamsdigest 145.167.2.1
examsdigest
148
Explanation 99. A is the correct answer. The ssh -l user-
name host command is used to connect on the R2 using SSH
client.
The -l flag means that the next parameter is the login user-
name.
In this case, the user begins logged in to Router R1 and then
uses the ssh -l userexamsdigest 145.167.2.1 command to
SSH to Router R2. R2 expects a username/password of userex-
amsdigest/passexamsdigest, with userexamsdigest supplied in
the command and passexamsdigest supplied when R2
prompts the user.
Question 100. The senior network engineer of your company,
tells you to configure the interfaces of the R1 based on the dia-
gram below. The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
149
(A) R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# interface G0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.162.1
255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface G0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.161.1
255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface S0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.1
255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
(B) R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# interface G0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.162.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface G0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.161.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface S0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
150
(C) R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# interface G0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.162.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface G0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.161.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface S0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
(D) R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# interface G0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.162.1 255.255.0.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface G0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.161.1 255.255.0.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface S0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.1 255.255.0.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
Explanation 100. A is the correct answer.
R1# configure terminal
151
R1(config)# interface G0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.162.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface G0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.161.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# interface S0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
Question 101. You have been tasked to set the router’s IPv4
address and mask. What command will you type to complete
the task?
(A) ip address [address mask]
(B) interface [address mask]
(C) set ip [address mask]
(D) add address [address mask]
Explanation 101. ip address [address mask] is the correct
answer.
Question 102. You have been tasked to list a single line of in-
formation about each interface, including the IP address, line
and protocol status, and the method with which the address
was configured. What command will you type to complete the
152
task?
(A) show ip protocol brief
(B) show ip addresses brief
(C) show ip interface brief
(D) show ip status brief
Explanation 102. show ip interface brief is the correct an-
swer.
Question 103. After configuring a working router interface with
IP address/mask 10.1.1.100/26, which of the following routes
would you expect to see in the output of the show ip route
command? (Choose two answers.)
(A) A connected route for subnet 10.1.1.64
255.255.255.192
(B) A local route for host 10.1.1.64 255.255.255.255
(C) A local route for host 10.1.1.100 255.255.255.255
(D) A local route for host 10.1.1.100 255.255.255.192
(E) A connected route for subnet 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
Explanation 103. A and C are the correct answers. First, for
the subnetting math,address 10.1.1.100 with mask /26im-
plies a subnet ID of10.1.1.64. Also, mask /26 converts to a
DDN mask of 255.255.255.192. For any working router inter-
face, after adding the ip address command to configure an
153
address and mask, the router adds a connected route for the
subnet.
In this case, the router adds a connected route for
subnet10.1.1.64 255.255.255.192. The router also adds a
route called a local route, which is a route for the interface IP
address with a 255.255.255.255 mask. In this case, the router
adds a local route for address10.1.1.100 with mask
255.255.255.255.
Question 104. What command will you type to enable a
switch's interface to be a routed interface instead of a switched
interface
(A) routed interface
(B) enable interface
(C) no switch interface
(D) no switchport
Explanation 104. no switchport is the correct answer. En-
abling a switch interface to be a routed interface instead of a
switched interface just use the no switchport subcommand on
the physical interface.
The switchport tells the switch to treat the port like it is a port
on a switch that is, a Layer 2 port on a switch.
154
To make the port stop acting like a switch port and instead act
like a router port, use the no switchport command on the inter-
face.
Question 105. You are responsible to configure a static route
for the network 156.187.45.0/24 using the IP address
156.187.80.45 as the next-hop IP. Which command will you
type to meet the requirement?
(A) ip route 156.187.45.0 255.255.0.0 156.187.80.45
(B) ip route 156.187.45.0 255.255.255.0 156.187.80.46
(C) ip route 156.187.0.0 255.255.255.0 156.187.80.45
(D) ip route 156.187.45.0 255.255.255.0 156.187.80.45
Explanation 105. D is the correct answer. Thecorrect syn-
taxlists a subnet number, then a subnet mask in dotted-deci-
mal form, and then either an outgoing interface or a next-hop IP
address.
The command to configure a static route for the network
156.187.45.0/24 using the IP address 156.187.80.45 as the
next-hop IP is:
ip route 156.187.45.0 255.255.255.0 156.187.80.45
155
156
CHAPTER 5
OSPF ROUTING PROTOCOL
Questions 106-120
Question 106. The senior network engineer typed the follow-
ing commands on the R1.
R1# conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)# interface g0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ip ospf cost 6
R1(config-if)# interface g0/1/0
R1(config-if)# ip ospf cost 7
R1(config-if)# ^Z
What command will you type in order to confirm the OSPF in-
terface costs?
(A) show ip ospf
(B) show ip ospf interface brief
(C) show ospf brief
(D) show ospf interface brief
Question 107. Per the command output, with how many
157
routers is router R4 full adjacent over its Gi0/1 interface?
R4# show ip ospf interface brief
(A) 1
(B) 5
(C) 2
(D) 0
Question 108. You have been tasked to list the OSPF neigh-
bors off interface serial 0/1. Which command will you type to
complete the task?
(A) show ip ospf neighbor serial 0/1
(B) show ip ospf neighbor serial 1/0
(C) show ip ospf neighbor fastethernet 0/1
(D) show ip ospf serial 0/1
Question 109. The routing protocol that was designed and in-
tended for use between different autonomous systems is called
____________________________.
(A) interior gateway protocol
(B) different gateway protocol
(C) autonomous gateway protocol
158
(D) exterior gateway protocol
Question 110. Given the following OSPF network commands,
type the wildcard masks to matchthe requirement.
Requirement: Match addresses that begin with 110.20
Command: network 110.20.0.0 {wildcard mask}
Which of the following wildcard mask will you use to meet the
requirement?
(A) 0.0.255.255
(B) 0.0.0.255
(C) 0.255.255.255
(D) 0.0.0.0
Question 111. Which of the following commands produces the
output below?
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M – mobile,
B – BGP
D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external
type 2
E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
! Additional lines omitted for brevity
Gateway of last resort is not set
159
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
O 10.1.1.0/24 [110/2] via 10.1.14.1, 00:19:24,
GigabitEthernet0/0/0
O 10.1.2.0/24 [110/2] via 10.1.14.1, 00:19:24,
GigabitEthernet0/0/0
C 10.1.4.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan3
L 10.1.4.4/32 is directly connected, Vlan3
O 10.1.12.0/24 [110/2] via 10.1.14.1, 00:17:24,
GigabitEthernet0/0/0
O 10.1.13.0/24 [110/2] via 10.1.14.1, 00:14:15,
GigabitEthernet0/0/0
C 10.1.14.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
L 10.1.14.4/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
O 10.1.23.0/24 [110/3] via 10.1.14.1, 00:15:35, GigabitEther-
net0/0/0
(A) show ip codes
(B) show ip route
(C) show ip interfaces
(D) show ip connected
Question 112. Routing protocol is a set of rules, and algo-
rithms used by routers for the overall purpose of learning
routes. This process includes the exchange and analysis of
routing information.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 113. Routed protocol is a protocol that defines a
packet structure and logical addressing, allowing routers to
160
forward or route the packets.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 114. Which of the following network commands fol-
lowing the command router ospf 1, tells the router to start us-
ing OSPF on interfaces whose IP addresses are 20.1.20.1,
20.1.30.1, and 20.1.40.1?
(A) network 20.0.0.1 0.0.255.255 area 0
(B) network 20.0.0.1 0.0.0.255 area 0
(C) network 20.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 area 0
(D) network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Question 115. The network designer provides the following
network diagram for OSPF Single-Area to start the configura-
tion process.
161
Based on the diagram, configure the R2 following the details
below.
1. Enable OSPF process 2
2. Enable OSPF on all interfaces with a single command
(A) R2# router ospf 3
R2# network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.170.2 255.255.255.0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.2 255.255.255.0
(B) R2# router ospf 2
R2# network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.170.2 255.255.255.0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.2 255.255.255.0
(C) R2# router ospf 2
R2# network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.170.2 255.255.0.0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.2 255.255.0.0
(D) R2# router ospf 2
R2# network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 1
162
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.170.2 255.255.255.0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.2 255.255.255.0
Question 116. Given the following OSPF network diagram,
what router will be added to R1’s routing table as a next-hop?
(A) R2
(B) R4
(C) R7
(D) R5
Question 117. You have been task to list the interfaces on
which the OSPF protocol is enabled. Which of the following
command will you type?
(A) show ip ospf brief
(B) show ip ospf interface brief
163
(C) show ip interface brief
(D) show ospf interface brief
Question 118. A network engineer connects routers R5 and R6
to the same Ethernet LAN and configures them to use OSPFv2.
Which answers describe a combination of settings that would
prevent the two routers from becoming OSPF neighbors?
(A) Both routers’ interface IP addresses are in the same
subnet
(B) Both routers’ OSPF process uses process ID 3
(C) Both routers’ OSPF process uses router ID 42.42.42.42
(D) Both routers’ interfaces use an OSPF Dead interval of 80
Question 119. Which of the following terms described as an
OSPF router with interfaces connected to the backbone area
and to at least one other area?
(A) Backbone area
(B) Internal router
(C) Backbone router
(D) Area Border Router
Question 120. Which of the following route types has 110 as
default Administrative Distance (AD)?
(A) IGRP
(B) OSPF
(C) RIP
(D) IS-IS
164
Answers 106-120
Question 106. The senior network engineer typed the follow-
ing commands on the R1.
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#interface g0/0/0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf cost 6
R1(config-if)#interface g0/1/0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf cost 7
R1(config-if)#^Z
What command will you type in order to confirm the OSPF in-
terface costs?
(A) show ip ospf
(B) show ip ospf interface brief
(C) show ospf brief
(D) show ospf interface brief
Explanation 106. show ip ospf interface brief is the correct
answer. The command show ip ospf interface lists the inter-
faces on which the OSPF protocol is enabled and lists the cost
settings.
Question 107. Per the command output, with how many
routers is router R4 full adjacent over its Gi0/1 interface?
165
R4# show ip ospf interface brief
(A) 1
(B) 5
(C) 2
(D) 0
Explanation 107. 2 is the correct answer. The show ip ospf
interface brief command lists a pair of counters under the
heading ‘Nbrs F/C’.
The first of the two numbers representsthe number of fully
adjacent neighbors(2 full adjacent neighbors in this case),
and the second number representsthe total number of
neighbors.
Question 108. You have been tasked to list the OSPF neigh-
bors off interface serial 1/0. Which command will you type to
complete the task?
(A) show ip ospf neighbor serial 0/1
(B) show ip ospf neighbor serial 1/0
(C) show ip ospf neighbor fastethernet 0/1
(D) show ip ospf serial 0/1
Explanation 108. show ip ospf neighbor serial 1/0 is the
correct answer. There aretwo commandsthat can list the
OSPF neighbors off interface serial 1/0:
1. show ip ospf neighbor serial 1/0
2. show ip ospf neighbor
166
Question 109. The routing protocol that was designed and in-
tended for use between different autonomous systems is called
____________________________.
(A) interior gateway protocol
(B) different gateway protocol
(C) autonomous gateway protocol
(D) exterior gateway protocol
Explanation 109. exterior gateway protocol is the correct
answer. Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)is a protocol for ex-
changing routing information between two neighbor gateway
hosts (each with its own router) in a network of autonomous
systems.
EGP is commonly used between hosts on the Internet to ex-
change routing table information. The routing table contains a
list of known routers, the addresses they can reach, and a cost
metric associated with the path to each router so that the best
available route is chosen.
Question 110. Given the following OSPF network commands,
type the wildcard masks to matchthe requirement.
Requirement: Match addresses that begin with 110.20
Command: network 110.20.0.0 {wildcard mask}
Which of the following wildcard mask will you use to meet the
requirement?
167
(A) 0.0.255.255
(B) 0.0.0.255
(C) 0.255.255.255
(D) 0.0.0.0
Explanation 110. 0.0.255.255 is the correct answer. The
command should be network 110.20.0.0 0.0.255.255.
Question 111. Which of the following commands produces the
output below?
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M – mobile,
B – BGP
D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external
type 2
E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
! Additional lines omitted for brevity
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
O 10.1.1.0/24 [110/2] via 10.1.14.1, 00:19:24,
GigabitEthernet0/0/0
O 10.1.2.0/24 [110/2] via 10.1.14.1, 00:19:24,
GigabitEthernet0/0/0
C 10.1.4.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan3
L 10.1.4.4/32 is directly connected, Vlan3
O 10.1.12.0/24 [110/2] via 10.1.14.1, 00:17:24,
GigabitEthernet0/0/0
168
O 10.1.13.0/24 [110/2] via 10.1.14.1, 00:14:15,
GigabitEthernet0/0/0
C 10.1.14.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
L 10.1.14.4/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
O 10.1.23.0/24 [110/3] via 10.1.14.1, 00:15:35,
GigabitEthernet0/0/0
(A) show ip codes
(B) show ip route
(C) show ip interfaces
(D) show ip connected
Explanation 111. show ip route is the correct answer.
Question 112. Routing protocol is a set of rules, and algo-
rithms used by routers for the overall purpose of learning
routes. This process includes the exchange and analysis of
routing information.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 112. TRUE is the correct answer. Routing pro-
tocol is a set of rules, and algorithms used by routers for the
overall purpose of learning routes.
This process includes the exchange and analysis of routing in-
formation. Each router chooses the best route to each subnet
(path selection) and finally places those best routes in its IP
routing table. Examples include RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, and BGP.
169
Question 113. Routed protocol is a protocol that defines a
packet structure and logical addressing, allowing routers to
forward or route the packets.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 113. TRUE is the correct answer. Routed proto-
col isa protocol that defines a packet structure and logical ad-
dressing, allowing routers to forward or route the packets.
Routers forward packets defined by routed and routable proto-
cols.Examples include IP Version 4 (IPv4) and IP Version 6
(IPv6).
Question 114. Which of the following network commands fol-
lowing the command router ospf 1, tells the router to start us-
ing OSPF on interfaces whose IP addresses are 20.1.20.1,
20.1.30.1, and 20.1.40.1?
(A) network 20.0.0.1 0.0.255.255 area 0
(B) network 20.0.0.1 0.0.0.255 area 0
(C) network 20.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 area 0
(D) network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Explanation 114. network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 is
the correct answer.
The network command network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
area 0 matches all interfaces whose first octet is 20.
The network command network 20.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 area 0
means all addresses that end with 0.0.0 (wildcard mask
255.0.0.0).In this case, is a wrong answer.
170
The network commandnetwork 20.0.0.1 0.0.0.255 area 0
means all addresses that begin with 20.0.0 (wildcard mask
0.0.0.255).In this case, is a wrong answer.
The network command network 20.0.0.1 0.0.255.255 area 0
means all addresses that begin with 20.0 (wildcard mask
0.0.255.255).In this case, is a wrong answer.
Question 115. The network designer provides the following
network diagram for OSPF Single-Area to start the configura-
tion process.
Based on the diagram, configure the R2 following the details
below.
1. Enable OSPF process 2
2. Enable OSPF on all interfaces with a single command
171
(A) R2# router ospf 3
R2# network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.170.2 255.255.255.0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.2 255.255.255.0
(B) R2# router ospf 2
R2# network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.170.2
255.255.255.0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.2
255.255.255.0
(C) R2# router ospf 2
R2# network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.170.2 255.255.0.0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.2 255.255.0.0
(D) R2# router ospf 2
R2# network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 1
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.170.2 255.255.255.0
R2# interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0
172
R2(config-if)# ip address 158.159.160.2 255.255.255.0
Explanation 115. B is the correct answer.
The answer A is incorrect as it has router ospf 3.
The answer C is incorrect as it has wrong subnet mask on the
interfaces.
The answer C is incorrect as it has wrong area.
Question 116. Given the following OSPF network diagram,
what router will be added to R1’s routing table as a next-hop?
(A) R2
(B) R4
(C) R7
(D) R5
Explanation 116. R4 is the correct answer. TheSPF algo-
rithmcalculates all the routes for a subnet—that is, all possible
173
routes from the router (R1) to the destination subnet (R8). If
more than one route exists, the router compares the metrics,
pickingthe best (lowest) metric routeto add to the routing
table.
Once SPF has identified a route, OSPF calculates the metric
based on the sum of the OSPF interface costs for all outgoing
interfaces in the route.
The three possible routes to 175.25.30.0/24 are:
Route 1: R1-R2-R3-R8
Cost:10 + 80 + 40 = 130
Route 2:R1-R4-R5-R6-R8
Cost:20 + 30 + 10 + 20 = 80
Route 3:R1-R7-R8
Cost:60 + 100 = 160
As a result of the SPF algorithm’s analysis of the LSDB, R1 adds
a route to subnet 175.25.30.0/24 to its routing table, with the
next-hop router of R4.
Question 117. You have been task to list the interfaces on
which the OSPF protocol is enabled. Which of the following
command will you type?
(A) show ip ospf brief
(B) show ip ospf interface brief
(C) show ip interface brief
(D) show ospf interface brief
174
Explanation 117. show ip ospf interface brief is the correct
answer. The command show ip ospf interface brief lists the
interfaces on which the OSPF protocol is enabled (based on the
network commands), including passive interfaces.
Question 118. A network engineer connects routers R5 and R6
to the same Ethernet LAN and configures them to use OSPFv2.
Which answers describe a combination of settings that would
prevent the two routers from becoming OSPF neighbors?
(A) Both routers’ interface IP addresses are in the same
subnet
(B) Both routers’ OSPF process uses process ID 3
(C) Both routers’ OSPF process uses router ID
42.42.42.42
(D) Both routers’ interfaces use an OSPF Dead interval of 80
Explanation 118. Both routers’ OSPF process uses router ID
42.42.42.42 is the correct answer. The use of an identical
OSPF router ID (RID) on the two routers prevents them from be-
coming neighbors.
Both routers must have the same Dead interval, so both using a
Dead interval of 80 causes no issues.
The two routers can use any OSPF process ID either the same
or a different value, making that answer incorrect.
Finally, the two routers’ IP addresses must be in the same sub-
net, so again that scenario does not prevent R5 and R6 from
becoming neighbors.
175
Question 119. Which of the following terms described as an
OSPF router with interfaces connected to the backbone area
and to at least one other area?
(A) Backbone area
(B) Internal router
(C) Backbone router
(D) Area Border Router
Explanation 119. Area Border Router is the correct answer.
You sh oul d be famili ar w ith th e follo wi ng te rms for th e
CCNA 200-301
Area Border Router (ABR) –An OSPF router with interfaces
connected to the backbone area and to at least one other area.
Backbone router –A router connected to the backbone area
(includes ABRs).
Internal router –A router in one area (not the backbone area)
Area –A set of routers and links that shares the same detailed
LSDB information, but not with routers in other areas, for better
efficiency.
Backbone area –A special OSPF area to which all other areas
must connect—area 0.
Intra-area route –A route to a subnet inside the same area as
the router.
Interarea route – A route to a subnet in an area of which the
router is not a part.
Question 120. Which of the following route types has 110 as
default Administrative Distance (AD)?
176
(A) IGRP
(B) OSPF
(C) RIP
(D) IS-IS
Explanation 120. OSPF is the correct answer.
Administrative distanceis the feature that routers use in order
to select the best path when there are at least two different
routes to the same destination from two different routing proto-
cols.
Administrative distance defines the reliability of a routing proto-
col. Each routing protocol is prioritized in order of most to least
reliable (believable) with the help of an administrative distance
value.
The default Administrative Distances (AD) from the given
route types are:
Route type
Administrative
Connected
0
Static
1
BGP (external routes [eBGP])
20
EIGRP (internal routes)
90
IGRP
100
177
OSPF
110
IS-IS
115
RIP
120
EIGRP (external routes)
170
BGP (internal routes [iBGP])
200
DHCP default route
254
Unusable
250
178
CHAPTER 6
IP VERSION 6
Questions 121-136
Question 121. Which of the following addresses is the unab-
breviated version of IPv6 address 8002:AA3::100:30?
(A) 8002:0AA3:0000:0000:0000:0000:0100:0030
(B) 8002:0DAA3::0100:0030
(C) 8002:0AA3:0:0:0:0:0100:0030
(D) 82:AA3:0:0:0:0:1:3
Question 122. Which of the following IPv6 addresses appears
to be a unique local unicast address? (Choose two)
(A) 1234:5:6:7::8
(B) FE80::1234:56FF:FF00:1234
(C) FDAD::2
(D) FF00::1
(E) FDBB::2
(F) FF80::1234
Question 123. You have been tasked to find the shortest valid
abbreviation address for 5000:0400:0030:0006:
179
8000:0800:0010:0002.
(A) 5000:400:30:6:8000:800:10:0002
(B) 5000:400:30:6:8000:800:10:2
(C) 5000:0400:30:6:8000:800:10:2
(D) 5:4:3:6:8:8:1:2
Question 124. Given the following IPv6 address
2340:0000:0010:0100:1000:ABCD:0101:1010. Which of the
following is the the abbreviated form?
(A) 2340:0:10:100:1:ABCD:11:1010
(B) 2340:0:10:100:1:ABCD:101:11
(C) 234:0:10:100:1:ABCD:101:1010
(D) 2340:0:10:100:1:ABCD:101:1010
Question 125. Given the following IPv6 address 1230::. Which
of the following is the the unabbreviated form?
(A) 1230:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
(B) 1230:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
(C) 1230:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
(D) 1230:0000::0000::0000:0000:0000
Question 126. You have been tasked to give the router’s G0/1
interface a unicast IPv6 address of 2005:1:2:3:4:5:6:A, with a /
64 prefix length. What command will you type to mark the task
as done?
180
(A) ipv6 address 2005:1:2:3:4:5:5:A/64
(B) ipv6 address 2005:1:2:3:4:5:6:A/46
(C) ipv4 address 2005:1:2:3:4:5:6:A/64
(D) ipv6 address 2005:1:2:3:4:5:6:A/64
Question 127. Which of the following is the prefix for address
1000:0000:0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:0000, assuming a
mask of /64?
(A) 1000::1:10:0:0:0/64
(B) 1000:0:0:1::/64
(C) 2000:0:0:1::/64
(D) 1000::1::/64
Question 128. End-user hosts need to know the IPv6 address
of a default router, to which the host sends IPv6 packets if the
host is in a different subnet.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 129. Which of the following commands will you type
to enable IPv6 routing on the router?
(A) ipv6 enable-routing
(B) ipv6 unicast-routing
(C) ipv6 on-routing
(D) ipv6 open-routing
181
Question 130. Which of the following commands will you type
to configure the interface with ipv6 address 2002:1:2:3::4/64?
(A) ipv6 address 2002:1:1:2:3::4/64
(B) ipv6 address 2002:1:2:3::4
(C) ipv6 address 2002:1:2:3::4/64
(D) ipv6 address 2002:1:2:4::4/64
Question 131. One of the following multicast addresses is de-
fined as the address for sending packets to only the IPv6
routers on the local link.
(A) FF02::1
(B) FF02::2
(C) FF02::5
(D) FF02::A
Question 132. PC1, PC2, and Router R1 all connect to the
same VLAN and IPv6 subnet. PC1 wants to send its first IPv6
packet to PC2. What protocol or message will PC1 use to dis-
cover the MAC address to which PC1 should send the Ethernet
frame that encapsulates this IPv6 packet?
(A) NDP NS
(B) NAT
(C) DHCP
(D) ARP
182
Question 133. The router R2 has been configured with the
ipv6 address 2000:1:1:1::1/64 command on its G0/1 interface
as shown in the figure. The router creates a link-local address
of FE80::FF:FE00:11 as well. The interface is working. Which of
the following routes will the router add to its IPv6 routing table?
(Choose two answers.)
(A) A route for FE80::FF:FE00:11/128
(B) A route for FE80::FF:FE00:11/64
(C) A route for 2000:1:1:1::1/128
(D) A route for 2000:1:1:1::/64
(E) A route for 2000:1:2:3::2/128
Question 134. Router R2 has an interface named Gigabit Eth-
ernet 0/2, whose MAC address has been set to
5555.4444.3333. This interface has been configured with the
183
ipv6 address 7000:1:1:1::/64 eui-64 subcommand. What
unicast address will this interface use?
(A) 7000:1:1:1:55FF:FE55:4444:3333
(B) 7000:1:1:1:5755:44FF:FE44:3333
(C) 7000:1:1:1:5555:4444:33FF:FE33
(D) 7000:1:1:1:200:FF:FE00:0
Question 135. The show ipv6 interface brief command gives
you interface IPv6 address info, and prefix length info.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 136. You are responsible to configure a static route
on R1’s outgoing interface, in order to support traffic between
the subnets. R2 is already configured. Which of the following
commands will you type to configure a static route on R1’s out-
going interface?
184
(A) ipv6 route 2000:1:1:1::/64 s0/1/1
(B) ipv6 route 2000:2:2:2::/64 s0/1/1
(C) ipv6 route 2000:1:2:3::/64 s0/1/1
(D) ipv6 route 2000:1:1:1::/64 g0/2
185
Answers 121-136
Question 121. Which of the following addresses is the unab-
breviated version of IPv6 address 8002:AA3::100:30?
(A) 8002:0AA3:0000:0000:0000:0000:0100:0030
(B) 8002:0DAA3::0100:0030
(C) 8002:0AA3:0:0:0:0:0100:0030
(D) 82:AA3:0:0:0:0:1:3
Explanation 121.
8002:0AA3:0000:0000:0000:0000:0100:0030 is the
correct answer. The unabbreviated version of an IPv6 ad-
dressmust have 32 digits, and only one answer has 32 hex
digits.
In this case, the original number showsfour quartets (sets of
four hex digits)and a ::.
So, the :: was replaced with four quartets of 0000, making the
number have eight quartets. Then, for each quartet with fewer
than four digits, leading 0s were added so that each quartet
has four hex digits.
Question 122. Which of the following IPv6 addresses appears
to be a unique local unicast address? (Choose two)
186
(A) 1234:5:6:7::8
(B) FE80::1234:56FF:FF00:1234
(C) FDAD::2
(D) FF00::1
(E) FDBB::2
(F) FF80::1234
Explanation 122. C and E are the correct answers. Unique
local IPv6 addresseshave a similar function as IPv4 private
addresses. They are not allocated by an address registry and
are not meant to be routed outside their domain. Unique local
IPv6 addresses begin with FD00::/8.
A unique local IPv6 address is constructed by appending a
randomly-generated 40-bit hexadecimal string to the FD00::/8
prefix. The subnet field and interface ID are created in the same
way as with global IPv6 addresses.
Unique local addresses begin with FD in the first two digits.So,
the correct answers are:
1. FDAD::2
2. FDBB::2
Question 123. You have been tasked to find the shortest valid
abbreviation address for 5000: 0400:0030:0006:
187
8000:0800:0010:0002.
(A) 5000:400:30:6:8000:800:10:0002
(B) 5000:400:30:6:8000:800:10:2
(C) 5000:0400:30:6:8000:800:10:2
(D) 5:4:3:6:8:8:1:2
Explanation 123. 5000:0400:30:6:8000:800:10:2 is the
correct answer. To abbreviate IPv6 addresses, only leading 0s
in a quartet (one set of four hex digits) should be removed.
Many of the quartets have trailing 0s (0s on the right side of the
quartet), so make sure to not remove those 0s.
Question 124. Given the following IPv6 address
2340:0000:0010:0100:1000: ABCD:0101:1010. Which of the
following is the the abbreviated form?
(A) 2340:0:10:100:1:ABCD:11:1010
(B) 2340:0:10:100:1:ABCD:101:11
(C) 234:0:10:100:1:ABCD:101:1010
(D) 2340:0:10:100:1:ABCD:101:1010
Explanation 124. 2340:0:10:100:1:ABCD:101:1010 is the
correct answer. ToabbreviateIPv6 addresses, only leading
0s in a quartet (one set of four hex digits) should be removed.
Many of the quartets have trailing 0s (0s on the right side of the
quartet), so make sure to not remove those 0s.
188
Theunabbreviatedversion of an IPv6 address must have 32
digits. The :: was replaced with four quartets of 0000, making
the number have eight sets of hex digits total (32 digits). Also,
for each quartet with fewer than four digits, leading 0s were
added so that each quartet has four hex digits.
Question 125. Given the following IPv6 address 1230::. Which
of the following is the the unabbreviated form?
(A) 1230:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
(B) 1230:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
(C) 1230:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
(D) 1230:0000::0000::0000:0000:0000
Explanation 125.
1230:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 is the
correct answer. Theunabbreviatedversion of an IPv6 ad-
dress must have 32 digits. The :: was replaced with four quar-
tets of 0000, making the number have eight sets of hex digits
total (32 digits). Also, for each quartet with fewer than four dig-
its, leading 0s were added so that each quartet has four hex
digits.
ToabbreviateIPv6 addresses, only leading 0s in a quartet
(one set of four hex digits) should be removed. Many of the
189
quartets have trailing 0s (0s on the right side of the quartet), so
make sure to not remove those 0s.
Question 126. You have been tasked to give the router’s G0/1
interface a unicast IPv6 address of 2005:1:2:3:4:5:6:A, with a /
64 prefix length. What command will you type to mark the task
as done?
(A) ipv6 address 2005:1:2:3:4:5:5:A/64
(B) ipv6 address 2005:1:2:3:4:5:6:A/46
(C) ipv4 address 2005:1:2:3:4:5:6:A/64
(D) ipv6 address 2005:1:2:3:4:5:6:A/64
Explanation 126. ipv6 address 2005:1:2:3:4:5:6:A/64 is the
correct answer. The command that gives the router’s G0/1 in-
terface a unicast IPv6 address of 2005:1:2:3:4:5:6:A, with a /64
prefix length is:
Question 127. Which of the following is the prefix for address
1000:0000:0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:0000, assuming a
mask of /64?
(A) 1000::1:10:0:0:0/64
(B) 1000:0:0:1::/64
(C) 2000:0:0:1::/64
(D) 1000::1::/64
190
Explanation 127. 1000:0:0:1::/64 is the correct answer.
The /64 prefix length means that the last 64 bits, or last 16 dig-
its, of the address, should be changed to all 0s.
That process gives the unabbreviated prefix as
1000:0000:0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:0000.
The last four quartets (last four sets of four hex digits) are all 0s,
making that string of all 0s be the longest and best string of 0s
to replace with ::.
After removing the leading 0s in other quartets, the correct an-
swer is: 1000:0:0:1::/64.
Question 128. End-user hosts need to know the IPv6 address
of a default router, to which the host sends IPv6 packets if the
host is in a different subnet.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 128. TRUE is the correct answer. IPv6 routing
looks just like IPv4 routing. IPv6 uses these ideas the same way
as IPv4:
1. To be able to build and send IPv6 packets out an interface,
191
end-user devices need an IPv6 address on that interface.
2. End-user hosts need to know the IPv6 address of a default
router, to which the host sends IPv6 packets if the host is in a
different subnet.
3. IPv6 routers de-encapsulate and re-encapsulate each IPv6
packet when routing the packet.
4. IPv6 routers make routing decisions by comparing the IPv6
packet’s destination address to the router’s IPv6 routing table;
the matched route lists directions of where to send the IPv6
packet next.
Question 129. Which of the following commands will you type
to enable IPv6 routing on the router?
(A) ipv6 enable-routing
(B) ipv6 unicast-routing
(C) ipv6 on-routing
(D) ipv6 open-routing
Explanation 129. ipv6 unicast-routing is the correct an-
swer.
Question 130. Which of the following commands will you type
192
to configure the interface with ipv6 address 2002:1:2:3::4/64?
(A) ipv6 address 2002:1:1:2:3::4/64
(B) ipv6 address 2002:1:2:3::4
(C) ipv6 address 2002:1:2:3::4/64
(D) ipv6 address 2002:1:2:4::4/64
Explanation 130. ipv6 address 2002:1:2:3::4/64 is the cor-
rect answer.
Question 131. One of the following multicast addresses is de-
fined as the address for sending packets to only the IPv6
routers on the local link.
(A) FF02::1
(B) FF02::2
(C) FF02::5
(D) FF02::A
Explanation 131. FF02::2 is the correct answer. FF02::2 is
used to send packets to all IPv6 routers on a link.
1. FF02::1 is used by all IPv6 hosts on the link
2. FF02::5 is used by all OSPFv3 routers
3. FF02::A is used by all EIGRPv6 routers
Question 132. PC1, PC2, and Router R1 all connect to the
same VLAN and IPv6 subnet. PC1 wants to send its first IPv6
193
packet to PC2. What protocol or message will PC1 use to dis-
cover the MAC address to which PC1 should send the Ethernet
frame that encapsulates this IPv6 packet?
(A) NDP NS
(B) NAT
(C) DHCP
(D) ARP
Explanation 132. NDP NS is the correct answer. PC1 needs
to discover PC2’s MAC address. Unlike IPv4, IPv6 does not use
ARP, instead using NDP. Specifically, PC1 uses the NDP Neigh-
bor Solicitation (NS) message to request that PC2 send back
an NDP Neighbor Advertisement (NA)
NS — Neighbor Solicitationis a message that sent by a node
to determine the link-layer address of a neighbor, or to verify
that a neighbor is still reachable via a cached link-layer ad-
dress. NSes are also used for Duplicate Address Detection
(DAD).
NA — Neighbor Advertisementis a message that sent in re-
sponse to an NS message. A node may also send unsolicited
NAs to announce a link-layer address change.
Question 133. The router R2 has been configured with the
194
ipv6 address 2000:1:1:1::1/64 command on its G0/1 interface
as shown in the figure. The router creates a link-local address
of FE80::FF:FE00:11 as well. The interface is working. Which of
the following routes will the router add to its IPv6 routing table?
(Choose two answers.)
(A) A route for FE80::FF:FE00:11/128
(B) A route for FE80::FF:FE00:11/64
(C) A route for 2000:1:1:1::1/128
(D) A route for 2000:1:1:1::/64
(E) A route for 2000:1:2:3::2/128
Explanation 133. C and D are the correct answers. With an
IPv6 address on a working interface, the router adds a con-
nected route for the prefix (subnet) implied by the ipv6 ad-
dress command.
195
It also adds a local host route (with a /128 prefix length) based
on the unicast address. The router does not add a route based
on the link-local address.
The router will add the following routes to its IPv6 routing
table:
1. A route for 2000:1:1:1::/64
2. A route for 2000:1:1:1::1/128
Question 134. Router R2 has an interface named Gigabit Eth-
ernet 0/2, whose MAC address has been set to
5555.4444.3333. This interface has been configured with the
ipv6 address 7000:1:1:1::/64 eui-64 subcommand. What
unicast address will this interface use?
(A) 7000:1:1:1:55FF:FE55:4444:3333
(B) 7000:1:1:1:5755:44FF:FE44:3333
(C) 7000:1:1:1:5555:4444:33FF:FE33
(D) 7000:1:1:1:200:FF:FE00:0
Explanation 134. 7000:1:1:1:5755:44FF:FE44:3333 is the
correct answer. With theeui-64parameter, the router will cal-
culate theinterface ID portionof the IPv6 address basedon
its MAC address.
Beginning with 5555.4444.3333, the router injects FF FE in the
middle(5555.44FF.FE44.3333). Then the router inverts the
196
seventh bit in the first byte.
Mentally, this converts hex 55 to binary 0101 0101, changing
the seventh bit so the string is0101 0111and converting back
to hex 52.
The final interface ID value is 5755:44FF:FE44:3333
Question 135. The show ipv6 interface brief command gives
you interface IPv6 address info, and prefix length info.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 135. FALSE is the correct answer. The show
ipv6 interface brief command gives you interface IPv6 ad-
dress info, but not prefix length info, similar to the IPv4 show ip
interface brief command.
The show ipv6 interface command gives the details of IPv6
interface settings, much like the show ip interface command
does for IPv4.
Question 136. You are responsible to configure a static route
on R1’s outgoing interface, in order to support traffic between
the subnets. R2 is already configured. Which of the following
197
commands will you type to configure a static route on R1’s out-
going interface?
(A) ipv6 route 2000:1:1:1::/64 s0/1/1
(B) ipv6 route 2000:2:2:2::/64 s0/1/1
(C) ipv6 route 2000:1:2:3::/64 s0/1/1
(D) ipv6 route 2000:1:1:1::/64 g0/2
Explanation 136. ipv6 route 2000:1:1:1::/64 s0/1/1 is the
correct answer. IPv4 and IPv6 static routes, when the com-
mand references an interface, the interface is a local interface.
To support traffic between the subnets requires both routers to
have a static route. R1 is now configured. Host A from the sub-
net 2000:1:1:1::/64 will forward all its IPv6 packets to its default
router (R1), and R1 can now route those packets out S0/1/1 to
R2 next.
The question declared that the R2 is already configured so,
now both subnets can communicate. If the R2 wasn’t config-
198
ured then you should have added the following command on
R2.
R2(config)#!ipv6 route 2000:2:2:2::/64 S0/1/0
Static routes instead of using the local interfaces, they
can use the IP address of the next router as a next-hop.
Below we provide an example of how the command looks
like on both routers if you were used the IP of the next
router to create static route.
R1(config)# ipv6 route 2000:1:1:1::/64 2000:1:2:3::2
R2(config)# ipv6 route 2000:2:2:2::/64 2000:1:2:3::1
199
CHAPTER 7
SECURITY FUNDAMENTALS
Questions 137-153
Question 137. In a spoofing attack, which of the following pa-
rameters are commonly spoofed? (Choose two answers)
(A) Source IP address
(B) MAC address
(C) ARP address
(D) Routing table
(E) Destination IP address
(E) ARP table
Question 138. AAA servers usually support the protocol
TACACS+ and ____________________ to communicate with enter-
prise resources.
(A) DHCP
(B) ARP
(C) RADIUS
(D) HTTP
200
Question 139. The senior network engineer assigns you a task
related to port security. He needs your help to configure the
fa0/1 from the SW-examsD to accept frames only from the
MAC 0200.1111.2222.
Type the commands that need to be configured on the SW-ex-
amsD following the requirements below:
1. configure the FastEthernet0/1 to be an access port
2. enable port security on that interface
3. define the allowed MAC address
(A) SW-examsD#configure terminal
SW-examsD(config)#interface FastEthernet0/2
SW-examsD(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW-examsD(config-if)#switchport port-security
SW-examsD(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-
address 0200.1111.2222
(B) SW-examsD#configure terminal
SW-examsD(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
SW-examsD(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW-examsD(config-if)#switchport port-security
(C) SW-examsD#configure terminal
SW-examsD(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
SW-examsD(config-if)#switchport mode access
201
SW-examsD(config-if)#switchport port-security
SW-examsD(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-
address 0200.2222.2222
(D) SW-examsD#configure terminal
SW-examsD(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
SW-examsD(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW-examsD(config-if)#switchport port-security
SW-examsD(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-
address 0200.1111.2222
Question 140. _____________________ attacks typically function
by overwhelming or flooding a targeted machine with requests
until normal traffic is unable to be processed, resulting in de-
nial-of-service to additional users.
(A) Spoofing
(B) Phishing
(C) DoS
(D) SQL injection
Question 141.A _________________ is malicious software that is
hidden and packaged inside other software that looks normal
and legitimate.
(A) Worm
(B) Virus
202
(C) Spyware
(D) Trojan
Question 142. What devices can be used to implement DHCP
Snooping? (Choose two answers)
(A) Hub
(B) Layer 2 switches
(C) Routers
(D) Layer 3 switches
(E) Access Points
(F) End users
Question 143.Which of the following Cisco Firepower NGIPS’s
features provides more insights into and control over the users,
applications, devices, threats, and vulnerabilities in your net-
work with real-time visibility?
(A) Security automation
(B) Granular application visibility and control
(C) Contextual awareness
(D) Superior effectiveness
Question 144. What can be accomplished with a brute-force
attack?
(A) Guess a user’s password
(B) Make a server unavailable
203
(C) Spoof every possible IP address
(D) Alter a routing table
Question 145.Social engineering attackis accomplished
through human interactions. It uses psychological manipulation
to trick users into making security mistakes or giving away sen-
sitive information.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 146.Which of the following human security vulner-
abilities attacksis a type of attack that targets high-profile em-
ployees, such as the CEO or CFO, in order to steal sensitive in-
formation from a company?
(A) Social engineering
(B) Phishing
(C) Whaling
(D) Pharming
Question 147.Which of the followinghuman security vulnera-
bilities attacksis the attempt to obtain sensitive information
such as passwords and credit card details by disguising oneself
as a trustworthy entity?
(A) Social engineering
(B) Phishing
204
(C) Whaling
(D) Pharming
Question 148.You are responsible to enable DHCP snooping
on the SW1. The R1 is a DHCP relay agent that needs to be
trusted. SW1 places all the ports on VLAN 8.
Which commands will you type in order to configure DHCP
snooping on the SW1 based on the diagram below?
(A) SW1# configure terminal
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping vlan 3
SW1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
SW1(config-if)# ip dhcp snooping trust
(B) SW1# configure terminal
205
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping vlan 8
SW1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet1/1/2
SW1(config-if)# ip dhcp snooping trust
(C) SW1# configure terminal
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping vlan 8
SW1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
SW1(config-if)# ip dhcp snooping trust
(D) SW1# configure terminal
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping vlan 8
SW1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
Question 149.Which of the following security features rejects
invalid and malicious ARP packets and prevents a class of
man-in-the-middle attacks?
(A) DoS
(B) DAI
(C) Packet secure
(D) ARP protect
Question 150.In a reflection attack, the source IP address in
206
the attack packets is spoofed so that it contains the address of
the victim.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 151.Type the command that needs to be configured
on a switch to automatically recover from the err-disabled
state, when caused by port security.
(A) recovery cause psecure-violation
(B) errdisable recovery psecure-violation
(C) errdisable recovery
(D) errdisable recovery cause psecure-violation
Question 152.A next-generation firewall sits at the edge of a
company’s connection to the Internet. A network engineer has
been configured to prevent Telnet clients residing on the Inter-
net from accessing Telnet servers inside the company. Which
of the following might a next-generation firewall use that a tra-
ditional firewall would not?
(A) Match message destination well-known port 23
(B) Match message application data
(C) Match message IP protocol 23
(D) Match message source TCP ports lower than 5400
Question 153.Your PC connects to a LAN and uses DHCP to
207
lease an IP address for the first time. Of the usual four DHCP
messages that flow between the PC (DHCP client) and the
DHCP server, which ones do the server send? (Choose two an-
swers)
(A) Acknowledgment
(B) Request
(C) Offer
(D) Discover
208
Answers 137-153
Question 137. In a spoofing attack, which of the following pa-
rameters are commonly spoofed? (Choose two answers)
(A) Source IP address
(B) MAC address
(C) ARP address
(D) Routing table
(E) Destination IP address
(E) ARP table
Explanation 137. A and B are the correct answers. Attackers
usually spoof thesource IP addressin packets they send in
order to disguise themselves and make the actual IP address
owner into a victim of the attack. MAC addressescan also be
spoofed in ARP replies to confuse other hosts and routers on
the local network.
Question 138. AAA servers usually support the protocol
TACACS+ and ____________________ to communicate with enter-
prise resources.
(A) DHCP
(B) ARP
(C) RADIUS
(D) HTTP
209
Explanation 138. RADIUS is the correct answer. AAA servers
usually support the protocol TACACS+ and RADIUS to commu-
nicate with enterprise resources.
Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA)manage
user activity to and through systems.
You can think of AAA in the following manner:
1. Authentication:Who is the user?
2. Authorization:What is the user allowed to do?
3. Accounting:What did the user do?
Cisco implements AAA services in its Identity Services Engine
(ISE) platform.
AAA servers support the following two protocols to communi-
cate with enterprise resources:
1) TACACS+:TACACS+ A Cisco proprietary protocol that sepa-
rates each of the AAA functions. Communication is secure and
encrypted over TCP port 49.
One of the key differentiators of TACACS+ is its ability to sepa-
rate authentication, authorization, and accounting as separate
and independent functions. This is why TACACS+ is so com-
210
monly used for device administration, even though RADIUS is
still certainly capable of providing device administration AAA.
2) RADIUS:Radius is a network protocol that controls user
network access via authentication and accounting. Commonly
used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs), cellular network
providers, and corporate and educational networks.
The RADIUS protocol serves three primary functions:
1. Authenticates users or devices before allowing them ac-
cess to a network
2. Authorizes those users or devices for specific network ser-
vices
3. Accounts for the usage of those services
Question 139. The senior network engineer assigns you a task
related to port security. He needs your help to configure the
fa0/1 from the SW-examsD to accept frames only from the
MAC 0200.1111.2222.
Type the commands that need to be configured on the SW-ex-
amsD following the requirements below:
1. configure the FastEthernet0/1 to be an access port
211
2. enable port security on that interface
3. define the allowed MAC address
(A) SW-examsD# configure terminal
SW-examsD(config)# interface FastEthernet0/2
SW-examsD(config-if)# switchport mode access
SW-examsD(config-if)# switchport port-security
SW-examsD(config-if)# switchport port-security mac-
address 0200.1111.2222
(B) SW-examsD# configure terminal
SW-examsD(config)# interface FastEthernet0/1
SW-examsD(config-if)# switchport mode access
SW-examsD(config-if)# switchport port-security
(C) SW-examsD# configure terminal
SW-examsD(config)# interface FastEthernet0/1
SW-examsD(config-if)# switchport mode access
SW-examsD(config-if)# switchport port-security
SW-examsD(config-if)# switchport port-security mac-
address 0200.2222.2222
(D) SW-examsD# configure terminal
SW-examsD(config)# interface FastEthernet0/1
SW-examsD(config-if)# switchport mode access
212
SW-examsD(config-if)# switchport port-security
SW-examsD(config-if)# switchport port-security
mac-address 0200.1111.2222
Explanation 139. D is the correct answer. The
commandswitchport mode accessforces that port to be an
access port with no VLAN tagging allowed EXCEPT for the
voice vlan.
The commandswitchport port-securityenable port security
on the interface.
The commandswitchport port-security mac-address
0200.1111.2222defines any allowed source MAC addresses
for this interface.
Question 140. _____________________ attacks typically function
by overwhelming or flooding a targeted machine with requests
until normal traffic is unable to be processed, resulting in de-
nial-of-service to additional users.
(A) Spoofing
(B) Phishing
(C) DoS
(D) SQL injection
Explanation 140. DoS is the correct answer. Adenial-of-
213
service (DoS)attack is a type of cyber attack in which a mali-
cious actor aims to render a computer or other device unavail-
able to its intended users by interrupting the device’s normal
functioning.
DoS attacks typically function by overwhelming or flooding a
targeted machine with requests until normal traffic is unable to
be processed, resulting in denial-of-service to additional users.
A DoS attack is characterized by using a single computer to
launch the attack.
Question 141. A _________________ is malicious software that is
hidden and packaged inside other software that looks normal
and legitimate.
(A) Worm
(B) Virus
(C) Spyware
(D) Trojan
Explanation 141. Trojan is the correct answer. Atrojan
horseis malicious software that is hidden and packaged inside
other software that looks normal and legitimate. If a well-mean-
ing user decides to install it, the trojan horse software is silently
installed too. Then the malware can run attacks of its own on
the local system or against other systems.
214
Trojan horse malware can spread from one computer to another
only through user interaction such as opening email attach-
ments, downloading software from the Internet, and inserting a
USB drive into a computer.
Wormsare another type of malware that is able to propagate to
and infect other systems on its own. They use a computer net-
work to spread, relying on security failures on the target com-
puter to access it, and steal or delete data.
Virusesare malware that can propagate between systems
more readily. To spread, virus software must inject itself into
another application, then rely on users to transport the infected
application software to other victims.
Viruses must execute to do their dirty work, so they target any
type of file that the system can execute.
Spywareis, as the name implies, software that spies on you.
Designed to monitor and capture your Web browsing and other
activities, spyware, like adware, will often send your browsing
activities to advertisers.
Spyware, however, includes capabilities not found in adware. It
may, for example, also capture sensitive information like bank-
215
ing accounts, passwords, or credit card information.
Question 142. What devices can be used to implement DHCP
Snooping? (Choose two answers)
(A) Hub
(B) Layer 2 switches
(C) Routers
(D) Layer 3 switches
(E) Access Points
(F) End users
Explanation 142. B and D are the correct answers. Layer 2
switches, as well as Layer 3 (multilayer) switches, perform
DHCP Snooping.
DHCP Snooping must be implemented on a device that per-
forms Layer 2 switching. The DHCP Snooping function needs
to examine DHCP messages that flow between devices within
the same broadcast domain (VLAN).
The fundamental use case for DHCP snooping is to prevent
unauthorized (rogue) DHCP servers offering IP addresses to
DHCP clients. Rogue DHCP servers are often used in man in
the middle or denial of service attacks for malicious purposes.
216
Question 143. Which of the following Cisco Firepower
NGIPS’s features provides more insights into and control over
the users, applications, devices, threats, and vulnerabilities in
your network with real-time visibility?
(A) Security automation
(B) Granular application visibility and control
(C) Contextual awareness
(D) Superior effectiveness
Explanation 143. Contextual awareness is the correct an-
swer. Contextual awareness provides more insights into and
control over the users, applications, devices, threats, and vul-
nerabilities in your network with real-time visibility.
Security automation automatically correlate threat events,
contextual awareness information, and vulnerability data to bet-
ter focus your staff, implement better security and speed foren-
sic investigations
Granular application visibility and control reduces threats to
your network through precise control over more than 4000
commercial applications, with support for custom applications.
Superior effectiveness stops more threats, both known and
unknown, with industry-leading threat protection. Speeds time
217
to detection of malware to reduce its damage and spread.
Question 144. What can be accomplished with a brute-force
attack?
(A) Guess a user’s password
(B) Make a server unavailable
(C) Spoof every possible IP address
(D) Alter a routing table
Explanation 144. Guess a user’s password is the correct
answer. Guess a user’s password.Abrute force attackis an
attempt to crack a password or username using a trial and error
approach. In a brute-force attack, an attacker’s software tries
every combination of letters, numbers, and special characters
to eventually find a string that matches a user’s password.
Question 145.Social engineering attackis accomplished
through human interactions. It uses psychological manipulation
to trick users into making security mistakes or giving away sen-
sitive information.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 145. TRUE is the correct answer.
218
Question 146.Which of the followinghuman security vulnera-
bilities attacksis a type of attack that targets high-profile em-
ployees, such as the CEO or CFO, in order to steal sensitive in-
formation from a company?
(A) Social engineering
(B) Phishing
(C) Whaling
(D) Pharming
Explanation 146. Whaling is the correct answer. Whalingis
a type of attack that targets high-profile employees, such as
the CEO or CFO, in order to steal sensitive information from a
company.
Question 147.Which of the followinghuman security vulnera-
bilities attacksis the attempt to obtain sensitive information
such as passwords and credit card details by disguising oneself
as a trustworthy entity?
(A) Social engineering
(B) Phishing
(C) Whaling
(D) Pharming
Explanation 147. Phishing is the correct answer. Phishingis
the attempt to obtain sensitive information such as passwords
219
and credit card details by disguising oneself as a trustworthy
entity.
Question 148.You are responsible to enable DHCP snooping
on the SW1. The R1 is a DHCP relay agent that needs to be
trusted. SW1 places all the ports on VLAN 8.
Which commands will you type in order to configure DHCP
snooping on the SW1 based on the diagram below?
(A) SW1# configure terminal
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping vlan 3
SW1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
SW1(config-if)# ip dhcp snooping trust
220
(B) SW1# configure terminal
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping vlan 8
SW1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet1/1/2
SW1(config-if)# ip dhcp snooping trust
(C) SW1# configure terminal
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping vlan 8
SW1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
SW1(config-if)# ip dhcp snooping trust
(D) SW1# configure terminal
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping
SW1(config)# ip dhcp snooping vlan 8
SW1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
Explanation 148. C is the correct answer.
Question 149.Which of the following security features rejects
invalid and malicious ARP packets and prevents a class of
man-in-the-middle attacks?
(A) DoS
(B) DAI
221
(C) Packet secure
(D) ARP protect
Explanation 149. DAI is the correct answer. TheDynamic
ARP Inspection (DAI)feature on a switch examines incoming
ARP messages on untrusted ports to filter those it believes to
be part of an attack. DAI’s core feature compares incoming ARP
messages with two sources of data: the DHCP Snooping bind-
ing table and any configured ARP ACLs.
DAI relies onDHCP snooping. DHCP snooping listens to DHCP
message exchanges and builds a bindings database of valid
tuples (MAC address, IP address, VLAN interface).
Question 150.In a reflection attack, the source IP address in
the attack packets is spoofed so that it contains the address of
the victim.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 150. TRUE is the correct answer. Reflection at-
tacks make use of a potentially legitimate third party compo-
nent to send the attack traffic to a victim, ultimately hiding the
attackers’ own identity.
222
The victim will end up receiving a large volume of response
packets it never had requested. With a large enough attack, the
victim may end up with a congested network.
Question 151.Type the command that needs to be configured
on a switch to automatically recover from the err-disabled
state, when caused by port security.
(A) recovery cause psecure-violation
(B) errdisable recovery psecure-violation
(C) errdisable recovery
(D) errdisable recovery cause psecure-violation
Explanation 151. errdisable recovery cause psecure-viola-
tion is the correct answer. Once port security has placed a
port in the err-disabled state, by default the port remains in an
err-disabled state until someone takes action.
To recover from an err-disabled state, the interface must be
shut down with the shutdown command and then enabled
with the no shutdown command.
Alternately, the switch can be configured to automatically re-
cover from the err-disabled state, when caused by port securi-
ty, with these commands:
1. errdisable recovery cause psecure-violation: A global
223
command to enable automatic recovery for interfaces in an err-
disabled state caused by port security.
2. errdisable recovery interval seconds: A global command
to set the time to wait before recovering the interface.
Question 152.A next-generation firewall sits at the edge of a
company’s connection to the Internet. A network engineer has
been configured to prevent Telnet clients residing on the Inter-
net from accessing Telnet servers inside the company. Which
of the following might a next-generation firewall use that a tra-
ditional firewall would not?
(A) Match message destination well-known port 23
(B) Match message application data
(C) Match message IP protocol 23
(D) Match message source TCP ports lower than 5400
Explanation 152. Match message application data is the
correct answer. Traditional and next-generation firewalls can
check TCP and UDP port numbers, butnext-generation fire-
walls are being able to also check application databeyond
the Transport layer header.
A next-generation firewall (NGFW) would look into the applica-
tion data, identifying messages that contain data structures
224
used by Telnet, instead of matching with port numbers.
In other words, a next-generation firewall (NGFW) is defined as
a deep-packet inspection firewall that moves beyond port/pro-
tocol inspection and blocking to add application-level inspec-
tion, intrusion prevention, and bringing intelligence from outside
the firewall.
Question 153.Your PC connects to a LAN and uses DHCP to
lease an IP address for the first time. Of the usual four DHCP
messages that flow between the PC (DHCP client) and the
DHCP server, which ones do the server send? (Choose two an-
swers)
(A) Acknowledgment
(B) Request
(C) Offer
(D) Discover
Explanation 153. A and C is the correct answer. DHCP uses
the following four messages between the client and the server:
1. Discover:Sent by the DHCP client to find a willing DHCP
server.
2. Offer:Sent by a DHCP server to offer to lease to that client a
specific IP address (and
inform the client of its other parameters).
225
3. Request:Sent by the DHCP client to ask the server to lease
the IPv4 address listed in the Offer message.
4. Acknowledgment:Sent by the DHCP server to assign the
address and to list the mask, default router, and DNS server IP
addresses.
DHCP clients have a problem, they do not have an IP address
yet, but they need to send these DHCP messages inside IP
packets. To make that work, DHCP messages make use of two
special IPv4 addresses that allow a host that has no IP address
to still be able to send and receive messages on the local sub-
net:
0.0.0.0:An address reserved for use as a source IPv4 address
for hosts that do not yet have an IP address.
255.255.255.255:The local broadcast IP address. Packets
sent to this destination address are broadcast on the local data
link, but routers do not forward them.
226
CHAPTER 8
IP ACCESS CONTROL LIST
Questions 154-178
Question 154. Given the following URI https://courses.exams-
digest.com/ccna, which part is the hostname?
(A) https
(B) courses
(C) courses.examsdigest.com
(D) examsdigest.com
(E) examsdigest.com/ccna
Question 155. Which of the following protocols uses the port
443?
(A) HTTPS
(B) HTTP
(C) SMTP
(D) SSH
Question 156. Which of the following protocols uses the port
80?
(A) HTTPS
(B) HTTP
227
(C) SMTP
(D) SSH
Question 157. Which of the following protocols uses the port
25?
(A) HTTPS
(B) HTTP
(C) SMTP
(D) SSH
Question 158. Which of the following protocols uses the port
22?
(A) HTTPS
(B) HTTP
(C) SMTP
(D) SSH
Question 159. Which of the following port numbers the SNMP
protocol uses?
(A) 20
(B) 25
(C) 160
(D) 161
Question 160. Which of the following port numbers the POP3
228
protocol uses?
(A) 100
(B) 110
(C) 120
(D) 130
Question 161. Which of the following port numbers the DNS
protocol uses?
(A) 50
(B) 51
(C) 52
(D) 53
Question 162. The senior network engineer assigns you a task
that requires ACL configuration. He provides the following dia-
gram and the requirements below:
229
1. Enable the ACL inbound on R2’s G0/1 interface.
2. Permit packets coming from the host with IP 20.2.2.1
3. Deny packets coming from the rest subnet 20.2.2.0/24
4. Permit packets coming from a network with subnet
155.165.0.0/16
Now you are responsible to configure the R2 using the ACL
standard number 1. Which of the following commands will you
type to complete the task?
(A) R2# configure terminal
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 20.2.2.1
R2(config)# access-list 1 deny 20.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 155.165.0.0
0.0.255.255
R2(config)# interface G0/2
R2(config-if)# ip access-group 1 in
(B) R2# configure terminal
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 20.2.2.1
R2(config)# access-list 1 deny 20.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 155.165.0.0
0.0.255.255
R2(config)# interface G0/1
230
R2(config-if)# ip access-group 1 in
(C) R2# configure terminal
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 20.2.2.1
R2(config)# access-list 1 deny 20.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 155.165.0.0
0.0.255.255
R2(config)# interface G0/1
(D) R2# configure terminal
R2(config)# access-list 1 deny 20.2.2.1
R2(config)# access-list 1 deny 20.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 155.165.0.0
0.0.255.255
R2(config)# interface G0/1
R2(config-if)# ip access-group 1 in
Question 163. Which of the following options are things that a
standard IP ACL could be configured to do? (Choose two an-
swers.)
(A) Match the exact source IP address
(B) Match all IP addresses in a subnet with one access-list
command without matching other IP addresses
(C) Match IP addresses 20.2.2.2 through 20.2.2.22 with
one access-list command without matching other IP addresses
231
(D) Match only the packet’s destination IP address
Question 164. One of the differences between named and
numbered ACLs is that named ACLS using ACL subcommands,
not global commands, to define the action and matching para-
meters.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 165. Given the following fields, which of those can-
not be compared on an extended IP ACL?
(A) Application protocol
(B) Destination IP address
(C) Source IP address
(D) URL
(E) TOS Byte
Question 166. Your task is to type a one-line standard ACL
that matches the following criteria. All access-list commands
use the number 1 in the command.
Criteria #1: Permit packets from 186.33.2.3
ACL command #1: ______________________
(A) access-list 1 permit 186.33.2.3
232
(B) access-list 1 deny 186.33.2.3
(C) access-list 1 permit 186.33.2.0
(D) access-list 1 deny 186.33.0.0
Question 167. Your task is to type a one-line standard ACL that
matches the following criteria. All access-list commands use
the number 1 in the command.
Criteria #2:Permit packets from hosts with 56.57.2 as the first
three octets
ACL command #2: ______________________
(A) access-list 1 permit 56.57.2.0 0.0.0.255
(B) access-list 1 permit 57.57.2.0 0.0.0.255
(C) access-list 1 permit 56.57.2.0 0.0.255.255
(D) access-list 1 deny 56.57.2.0 0.0.0.255
Question 168. Your task is to type a one-line standard ACL
that matches the following criteria. All access-list commands
use the number 1 in the command.
Criteria #3:Permit packets from hosts with 56.57 as the first
two octets
ACL command #3: ______________________
233
(A) access-list 1 permit 56.57.0.0 0.255.255.255
(B) access-list 1 permit 56.57.0.0 0.0.255.255
(C) access-list 1 permit 56.58.0.0 0.0.255.255
(D) access-list 1 permit 56.57.0.0 0.0.0.0
Question 169. Your task is to type a one-line extended ACL
that matches the following criteria. All access-list commands
use the number 101 in the command.
Criteria #4:Permit packets from web client 65.5.5.5, sent to a
web server in subnet 65.5.6.0/24
ACL command #4: ______________________
(A) access-list 101 permit tcp host 65.5.5.5 65.5.6.0
0.0.0.255 eq 23
(B) access-list 101 permit any any
(C) access-list 101 permit tcp host 65.5.5.5 65.5.6.0
0.0.0.255 eq www
(D) access-list 101 deny tcp host 65.5.5.5 65.5.6.0
0.0.0.255 eq www
Question 170. Your task is to type a one-line extended ACL
that matches the following criteria. All access-list commands
use the number 101 in the command.
234
Criteria #5:Permit any and every IPv4 packet
ACL command #5: ______________________
(A) access-list 101 permit ip any any
(B) access-list 101 deny ip any any
(C) access-list 101 permit ip 0.0.0.0 any
(D) access-list 101 permit ip any 0.0.0.0
Question 171. Which of the following commands display the
configuration of an IPv4 ACL, including line numbers? (Choose
two answers.)
(A) show running-config
(B) show startup-config
(C) show ip access-lists
(D) show access-lists
Question 172. Type the access-list command that permits all
packets sent from hosts in subnet 14.15.16.0/24. Use the ACL
number 50 for the ACL rule.
(A) access-list 50 permit 14.15.17.0 0.0.0.255
(B) access-list 50 deny 14.15.16.0 0.0.0.255
(C) access-list 50 permit 14.15.16.0 0.255.255.255
(D) access-list 50 permit 14.15.16.0 0.0.0.255
Question 173. Given the following access-list command ac-
235
cess-list 2 permit 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255, choose the exact
range of IP addresses, matched by the command.
(A) 192.167.4.0 – 192.168.4.255
(B) 192.168.4.0 – 192.168.5.255
(C) 192.168.4.0 – 192.168.4.255
(D) 192.0.0.0 – 192.168.4.255
Question 174. The range of valid ACL numbers for standard
numbered IP ACLs is:
(A) 1-99 and 1700 - 1999
(B) 1-99 and 1300 - 1999
(C) 1-101 and 1300 - 1999
(D) 1-49 and 1400 - 1999
Question 175. The ACL 55 on R1 has four statements, in the
following order, with address and wildcard mask values as fol-
lows:
1. 20.0.0.00.255.255.255
2. 20.20.0.00.0.255.255
3. 20.20.20.00.0.0.255
4. 2.2.2.00.0.0.255
If a router tried to match a packet sourced from IP address
20.20.20.20 using this ACL, which ACL statement does a
router consider the packet to have matched?
236
(A) First statement
(B) Second statement
(C) Third statement
(D) Forth statement
(E) Implied deny at the end of the ACL
Question 176. Which of the following access-list denies pack-
ets with a UDP header, any source IP address with source port
greater than 10455, a destination IP address 30.3.3.3 and a
destination port equal to 25?
(A) access-list 101 deny udp any gt 10455 host 30.3.3.3 eq
28
(B) access-list 101 deny udp any gt 10455 host 30.3.3.3 eq
25
(C) access-list 101 deny tcp any gt 10455 host 30.3.3.3 eq
25
(D) access-list 101 deny udp any gt 25 host 30.3.3.3 eq 25
Question 177. Which of the following access-list denies pack-
ets with a UDP header, a source IP address 30.3.3.3 and a
source port greater than 10455, any destination IP address
30.3.3.3 with destination port equal to 25?
(A) access-list 101 deny udp host 30.3.3.3 gt 10455 any eq
30
(B) access-list 101 deny udp host 30.3.3.3 gt 25 any eq 25
(C) access-list 101 deny udp host 30.0.0.0 gt 10455 any eq
237
25
(D) access-list 101 deny udp host 30.3.3.3 gt 10455 any eq
25
Question 178. Choose the wildcard mask that matches all IP
packets in the subnet 46.45.44.0, and mask 255.255.255.0.
(A) 0.0.0.255
(B) 0.0.255.255
(C) 0.255.255.255
(D) 255.255.255.255
238
Answers 154-178
Question 154. Given the following URI https://courses.exams-
digest.com/ccna, which part is the hostname?
(A) https
(B) courses
(C) courses.examsdigest.com
(D) examsdigest.com
(E) examsdigest.com/ccna
Explanation 154. courses.examsdigest.com is the correct
answer. The hostname is the text between the // and the /.
Thehostnameis all the text between the // and the /. The text
before the // identifies theapplication layer protocol, and the
text after the / represents the name of the web page.
Protocol:HTTPS
Hostname:courses.examsdigest.com
Webpage name:ccna
Question 155. Which of the following protocols uses the port
443?
(A) HTTPS
(B) HTTP
239
(C) SMTP
(D) SSH
Explanation 155. HTTPS is the correct answer. Hypertext
transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) – Port 443.HTTPS is the
secure version of HTTPwhich is the primary protocol used to
send data between a web browser and a website.
HTTPS is encrypted in order to increase the security of data
transfer. This is particularly important when users transmit sen-
sitive data, such as by logging into a bank account, email ser-
vice, or health insurance provider
Question 156. Which of the following protocols uses the port
80?
(A) HTTPS
(B) HTTP
(C) SMTP
(D) SSH
Explanation 156. HTTP is the correct answer. Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – Port 80.HTTP is an application-
layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as
HTML. It was designed for communication between web
browsers and web servers
240
Question 157. Which of the following protocols uses the port
25?
(A) HTTPS
(B) HTTP
(C) SMTP
(D) SSH
Explanation 157. SMTP is the correct answer. Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol (SMTP) – Port 25.SMTP is the protocol
used for sending e-mail over the Internet.
Your e-mail client (such as Outlook, or Mac OS X Mail) uses
SMTP to send a message to the mail server, and the mail server
uses SMTP to relay that message to the correct receiving mail
server. Basically, SMTP is a set of commands that authenticate
and direct the transfer of electronic mail.
Question 158. Which of the following protocols uses the port
22?
(A) HTTPS
(B) HTTP
(C) SMTP
(D) SSH
241
Explanation 158. SSH is the correct answer. Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol (SMTP) – Port 25.SMTP is the protocol
Question 159. Which of the following port numbers the SNMP
protocol uses?
(A) 20
(B) 25
(C) 160
(D) 161
Explanation 159. 161 is the correct answer. Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP) – Port 161.SNMP is an appli-
cation layer protocol used specifically for network device man-
agement.
For example, Cisco supplies a large variety of network man-
agement products, many of them in the Cisco Prime network
management software product family.
They can be used to query, compile, store, and display informa-
tion about a network’s operation. To query the network devices,
Cisco Prime software mainly uses SNMP protocols.
Question 160. Which of the following port numbers the POP3
protocol uses?
(A) 100
242
(B) 110
(C) 120
(D) 130
Explanation 160. 110 is the correct answer. Post Office Pro-
tocol version 3 (POP3) – Port 110.POP3 is a standard mail
protocol used to receive emails from a remote server to a local
email client.
POP3 allows you to download email messages on your local
computer and read them even when you are offline.
Note, that when you use POP3 to connect to your email ac-
count, messages are downloaded locally and removed from the
email server.
Question 161. Which of the following port numbers the DNS
protocol uses?
(A) 50
(B) 51
(C) 52
(D) 53
Explanation 161. 53 is the correct answer. The Domain
Name System (DNS) – Port 53.DNS is the phonebook of the
243
Internet. Humans access information online through domain
names, like examsdigest.com or cisco.com. Web browsers in-
teract through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.
DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can
load Internet resources. The process of DNS resolution involves
converting a hostname (such as www.examsdigest.com) into a
computer-friendly IP address (such as 155.138.45.1).
Question 162. The senior network engineer assigns you a task
that requires ACL configuration. He provides the following dia-
gram and the requirements below:
1. Enable the ACL inbound on R2’s G0/1 interface.
2. Permit packets coming from the host with IP 20.2.2.1
3. Deny packets coming from the rest subnet 20.2.2.0/24
244
4. Permit packets coming from a network with subnet
155.165.0.0/16
Now you are responsible to configure the R2 using the ACL
standard number 1. Which of the following commands will you
type to complete the task?
(A) R2# configure terminal
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 20.2.2.1
R2(config)# access-list 1 deny 20.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 155.165.0.0
0.0.255.255
R2(config)# interface G0/2
R2(config-if)# ip access-group 1 in
(B) R2# configure terminal
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 20.2.2.1
R2(config)# access-list 1 deny 20.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 155.165.0.0
0.0.255.255
R2(config)# interface G0/1
R2(config-if)# ip access-group 1 in
(C) R2# configure terminal
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 20.2.2.1
245
R2(config)# access-list 1 deny 20.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 155.165.0.0
0.0.255.255
R2(config)# interface G0/1
(D) R2# configure terminal
R2(config)# access-list 1 deny 20.2.2.1
R2(config)# access-list 1 deny 20.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)# access-list 1 permit 155.165.0.0
0.0.255.255
R2(config)# interface G0/1
R2(config-if)# ip access-group 1 in
Explanation 162. B is the correct answer. The syntax of the
ACL command is:
access-list access-list-number {deny | permit} source [source-
wildcard]
The first command access-list 1 permit 20.2.2.1 permits only
the host with IP 20.2.2.1 to send packets through R2.
The second command access-list 1 deny 20.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
denies all the subnet 20.2.2.0/24 to send packets through R2.
This command uses a wildcard mask 0.0.0.255 which means
246
the first three octets have to be compared.
(Note, if the second command was before the first command
then the host with IP 20.2.2.1 couldn’t send packets, because
ACLs “execute” the rules from top to bottom)
The third command access-list 1 permit 155.165.0.0
0.0.255.255 permits all the packets coming from the
155.165.0.0/16. Again we use a wildcard mask 0.0.255.255 to
tell the R2 to check if the packets coming from that particular
network. So only packets from the range 155.165.0.0 –
155.165.255.255 are permitted.
If the wildcard mask was, 0.255.255.255, then the router would
compare only the first octet which means, packets coming from
155.0.0.0 – 155.255.255.255 are permitted.
If the wildcard mask was, 0.0.0.255, then the router would
compare the first three octets which means, packets coming
from 155.165.0.0 – 155.165.0.255 are permitted.
The last commands interface G0/1 and ip access-group 1 in
enable the ACL inbound on R2’s G0/1 interface.
Question 163. Which of the following options are things that a
247
standard IP ACL could be configured to do? (Choose two an-
swers.)
(A) Match the exact source IP address
(B) Match all IP addresses in a subnet with one access-
list command without matching other IP addresses
(C) Match IP addresses 20.2.2.2 through 20.2.2.22 with one
access-list command without matching other IP addresses
(D) Match only the packet’s destination IP address
Explanation 163. A and B are the correct answers. Standard
ACLs check the source IP address. Matching all hosts in a sub-
net can be accomplished with the access-list 1 permit 20.2.2.0
0.0.0.255 command.
The address range 20.2.2.2 – 20.2.2.22 can be matched by an
ACL, but it requires multiple access-list commands.
Question 164. One of the differences between named and
numbered ACLs is that named ACLS using ACL subcommands,
not global commands, to define the action and matching para-
meters.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 164. TRUE is the correct answer. Named IP
248
ACLs have many similarities with numbered IP ACLs. They can
be used for filtering packets.
They can match the same fields as well: standard numbered
ACLs can match the same fields as a standard named ACL, and
extended numbered ACLs can match the same fields as an ex-
tended named ACL. Of course, there are differences between
named and numbered ACLs.
Named ACLs originally had three big differences compared
to numbered ACLs:
1. Using names instead of numbers to identify the ACL, making
it easier to remember the reason for the ACL
2. Using ACL subcommands, not global commands, to define
the action and matching parameters
3. Using ACL editing features that allow the CLI user to delete
individual lines from the ACL and insert new lines
Working example:
RouterExamsDigest# configure terminal
RouterExamsDigest(config)# ip access-list extended examsdi-
gestACL
RouterExamsDigest(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp host 5.1.1.2 eq
www any
RouterExamsDigest(config-ext-nacl)# deny udp host 5.1.1.1
249
10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
RouterExamsDigest(config-ext-nacl)# deny ip 5.1.3.0
0.0.0.255 5.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
RouterExamsDigest(config-ext-nacl)# permit ip any any
RouterExamsDigest(config-ext-nacl)# interface g0/1
RouterExamsDigest(config-if)# ip access-group examsdigest-
ACL out
The ip access-list global configuration command defines
whether an ACL is a standard or extended ACL and defines the
name. In this case, the examsdigestACL is the name of the
ACL.
The next commands permit and deny statements define the
matching logic and action to be taken upon a match.
The last commands apply the named ACL on the interface.
Question 165. Given the following fields, which of those can-
not be compared on an extended IP ACL?
(A) Application protocol
(B) Destination IP address
(C) Source IP address
(D) URL
(E) TOS Byte
250
Explanation 165. URL is the correct answer.
Extended ACLs can’t lookat theURLas this is an Application
Layer information.
Extended ACLs can lookat Layer 3 (IP) and Layer 4 (TCP,
UDP) headers.
Question 166. Your task is to type a one-line standard ACL
that matches the following criteria. All access-list commands
use the number 1 in the command.
Criteria #1: Permit packets from 186.33.2.3
ACL command #1: ______________________
(A) access-list 1 permit 186.33.2.3
(B) access-list 1 deny 186.33.2.3
(C) access-list 1 permit 186.33.2.0
(D) access-list 1 deny 186.33.0.0
Explanation 166. access-list 1 permit 186.33.2.3 is the cor-
rect answer.
Criteria #1: Permit packets from 186.33.2.3
ACL command #1: access-list 1 permit 186.33.2.3
251
Question 167. Your task is to type a one-line standard ACL that
matches the following criteria. All access-list commands use
the number 1 in the command.
Criteria #2:Permit packets from hosts with 56.57.2 as the first
three octets
ACL command #2: ______________________
(A) access-list 1 permit 56.57.2.0 0.0.0.255
(B) access-list 1 permit 57.57.2.0 0.0.0.255
(C) access-list 1 permit 56.57.2.0 0.0.255.255
(D) access-list 1 deny 56.57.2.0 0.0.0.255
Explanation 167. access-list 1 permit 56.57.2.0 0.0.0.255 is
the correct answer.
Criteria #2: Permit packets from hosts with 56.57.2 as the first
three octets
ACL command #2: access-list 1 permit 56.57.2.0 0.0.0.255
Question 168. Your task is to type a one-line standard ACL
that matches the following criteria. All access-list commands
use the number 1 in the command.
Criteria #3:Permit packets from hosts with 56.57 as the first
two octets
252
ACL command #3: ______________________
(A) access-list 1 permit 56.57.0.0 0.255.255.255
(B) access-list 1 permit 56.57.0.0 0.0.255.255
(C) access-list 1 permit 56.58.0.0 0.0.255.255
(D) access-list 1 permit 56.57.0.0 0.0.0.0
Explanation 168. access-list 1 permit 56.57.0.0
0.0.255.255 is the correct answer.
Criteria #2: Permit packets from hosts with 56.57 as the first
two octets
ACL command #2: access-list 1 permit 56.57.2.0 0.0.0.255
Question 169. Your task is to type a one-line extended ACL
that matches the following criteria. All access-list commands
use the number 101 in the command.
Criteria #4:Permit packets from web client 65.5.5.5, sent to a
web server in subnet 65.5.6.0/24
ACL command #4: ______________________
(A) access-list 101 permit tcp host 65.5.5.5 65.5.6.0
0.0.0.255 eq 23
(B) access-list 101 permit any any
253
(C) access-list 101 permit tcp host 65.5.5.5 65.5.6.0
0.0.0.255 eq www
(D) access-list 101 deny tcp host 65.5.5.5 65.5.6.0
0.0.0.255 eq www
Explanation 169. access-list 101 permit tcp host 65.5.5.5
65.5.6.0 0.0.0.255 eq www is the correct answer.
Criteria #4:Permit packets from web client 65.5.5.5, sent to a
web server in subnet 65.5.6.0/24
ACL command #4: access-list 101 permit tcp host 65.5.5.5
65.5.6.0 0.0.0.255 eq www
Because extended ACLscan match so many different fields in
the various headers in an IP packet, the command syntax can-
not be easily summarized in a single generic command. How-
ever, the commands below summarize the syntax options.
access-listaccess-list-number{deny |
permit}•protocol•source IP address•source-
wildcard•destination IP address•destination-wildcard[log |
log-input]
access-listaccess-list-number{deny | permit} {tcp |
udp}protocol•source IP address•source-wildcard• [opera-
tor [port]] •destination IP address•destination-wildcard• [op-
254
erator [port]] [established] [log]
The configuration process for extended ACLs mostly matches
the same process used for standard ACLs. You must choose
the location and direction in which to enable the ACL, particu-
larly the direction, so that you can characterize whether certain
addresses and ports will be either the source or destination.
Configure the ACL using access-list commands, and when
complete, then enable the ACL using the same ip access-
group command used with standard ACLs. All these steps mir-
ror what you do with standard ACLs; however, when configur-
ing, keep the following differences in mind:
1. Place extended ACLs as close as possible to the source of
the packets that will be filtered. Filtering close to the source of
the packets saves some bandwidth.
2. Remember that all fields in one access-list command must
match a packet for the packet to be considered to match that
access-list statement.
3. Use numbers of 100–199 and 2000–2699 on the access-list
commands; no one number is inherently better than another.
255
Question 170. Your task is to type a one-line extended ACL
that matches the following criteria. All access-list commands
use the number 101 in the command.
Criteria #5:Permit any and every IPv4 packet
ACL command #5: ______________________
(A) access-list 101 permit ip any any
(B) access-list 101 deny ip any any
(C) access-list 101 permit ip 0.0.0.0 any
(D) access-list 101 permit ip any 0.0.0.0
Explanation 170. access-list 101 deny ip any any is the cor-
rect answer.
Criteria #5:Permit any and every IPv4 packet
ACL command #5: access-list 101 deny ip any any
Question 171. Which of the following commands display the
configuration of an IPv4 ACL, including line numbers? (Choose
two answers.)
(A) show running-config
(B) show startup-config
(C) show ip access-lists
(D) show access-lists
256
Explanation 171. show ip access-lists and show access-
lists are the correct answers.
The show ip access-lists and show access-lists commands
both display the configuration of IPv4 access lists, including
ACL line numbers.
Neither the show running-config nor show startup-config
commands list the ACL line numbers; in this case, the startup-
config file does not contain the ACL configuration at all.
Question 172. Type the access-list command that permits all
packets sent from hosts in subnet 14.15.16.0/24. Use the ACL
number 50 for the ACL rule.
(A) access-list 50 permit 14.15.17.0 0.0.0.255
(B) access-list 50 deny 14.15.16.0 0.0.0.255
(C) access-list 50 permit 14.15.16.0 0.255.255.255
(D) access-list 50 permit 14.15.16.0 0.0.0.255
Explanation 172. access-list 50 permit 14.15.16.0
0.0.0.255 is the correct answer. The command access-list
50 permit 14.15.16.0 0.0.0.255 matches all the addresses
from the subnet 14.15.16.0/24
The syntax of the ACL command is:
257
access-list access-list-number {deny | permit} source [source-
wildcard]
Each standard numbered ACL has one or more access-list
commands with the same number, any number from the
ranges 1–99 and 1300–1999.
Besides the ACL number, each access-list command also lists
the action (permit or deny), and the matching logic (the IP ad-
dresses to permit or deny). In this case, the ACL permits all the
IP addresses from the subnet 14.15.16.0/24
The wildcard mask (not subnet mask) allows standard ACLs to
match a range of addresses. Instead of typing:
access-list 50 permit 14.15.16.0
access-list 50 permit 14.15.16.1
access-list 50 permit 14.15.16.2
access-list 50 permit 14.15.16.3
…
…
access-list 50 permit 14.15.16.255
you can just use a wildcard mask to match all the addresses
within that range with a single command.
258
Question 173. Given the following access-list command ac-
cess-list 2 permit 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255, choose the exact
range of IP addresses, matched by the command.
(A) 192.167.4.0 – 192.168.4.255
(B) 192.168.4.0 – 192.168.5.255
(C) 192.168.4.0 – 192.168.4.255
(D) 192.0.0.0 – 192.168.4.255
Explanation 173. 192.168.4.0 – 192.168.4.255 is the cor-
rect answer. The wildcard mask0.0.0.255matches all packets
that have the same first three octets. In this case, the ACL rule
applies to the range:
192.168.4.0 - 192.168.4.255
Wildcard masks use two simple rules:
Rule #1. When the decimal is 0 then the router has to compare
the octet.
Rule #2. When the decimal is 255 then the router has to ignore
the octet.
In this case, we have to find the range of the network
192.168.4.0 matched by the command access-list 2 permit
192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255
259
As you can see the wildcard mask is 0.0.0.255 which means
that the packets that come from the network 192.168.4 (firs
three octets) have to be compared once reach the router, and
the 0 (last octet) has to be ignored.
The process is as follow:
A packet with IP address 192.168.4.20 reaches the router. The
router then starts asking (compare), are the first three octets of
the packet 192.168.4?
If so, then there is a match (it's a match). If not, then there isn't
a match.
A new packet with IP address 192.168.2.20 reaches the router.
The router then starts asking (compare), are the first three
octets of the packet 192.168.4?
If so, then there is a match. If not, then there isn't a match (it's
not a match).
As a result, the exact range of IP addresses, matched by the
command is: 192.168.4.0 - 192.168.4.255
Question 174. The range of valid ACL numbers for standard
numbered IP ACLs is:
(A) 1-99 and 1700 - 1999
(B) 1-99 and 1300 - 1999
260
(C) 1-101 and 1300 - 1999
(D) 1-49 and 1400 - 1999
Explanation 174. 1-99 and 1300 - 1999 is the correct an-
swer. The range of valid ACL numbers for Standard num-
bered IP ACLs is 1 – 99 and 1300 – 1999.
The range of valid ACL numbers for Extended numbered IP
ACLs is 100 – 199 and 200 – 2699.
Question 175. The ACL 55 on R1 has four statements, in the
following order, with address and wildcard mask values as fol-
lows:
1. 20.0.0.00.255.255.255
2. 20.20.0.00.0.255.255
3. 20.20.20.00.0.0.255
4. 2.2.2.00.0.0.255
If a router tried to match a packet sourced from IP address
20.20.20.20 using this ACL, which ACL statement does a
router consider the packet to have matched?
(A) First statement
(B) Second statement
(C) Third statement
(D) Forth statement
261
(E) Implied deny at the end of the ACL
Explanation 175. First statement is the correct answer. The
router always searches the ACL statements in order (from top
to bottom) and stops trying to match ACL statements after a
statement is matched. In other words, it usesfirst-match log-
ic.
A packet with a source IP address 20.20.20.20 would match
any of the first three explicitly configured commands described
in the question.As a result, only the first statement will be
used.
Question 176. Which of the following access-list denies pack-
ets with a UDP header, any source IP address with source port
greater than 10455, a destination IP address 30.3.3.3 and a
destination port equal to 25?
(A) access-list 101 deny udp any gt 10455 host 30.3.3.3 eq
28
(B) access-list 101 deny udp any gt 10455 host 30.3.3.3
eq 25
(C) access-list 101 deny tcp any gt 10455 host 30.3.3.3 eq
25
(D) access-list 101 deny udp any gt 25 host 30.3.3.3 eq 25
262
Explanation 176. access-list 101 deny udp any gt 10455
host 30.3.3.3 eq 25 is the correct answer. The configuration
process for extended ACLs mostly matches the same process
used for standard ACLs.
You must choose the location and direction in which to enable
the ACL, particularly the direction, so that you can characterize
whether certain addresses and ports will be either the source or
destination.
Configure the ACL using access-list commands, and when
complete, then enable the ACL using the same ip access-
group command used with standard ACLs. All these steps mir-
ror what you do with standard ACLs; however, when configur-
ing, keep the following differences in mind:
Place extended ACLs as close as possible to the source of
the packets that will be filtered. Filtering close to the source of
the packets saves some bandwidth.
Remember that all fields in one access-list command must
match a packet for the packet to be considered to match that
access-list statement.
263
Use numbers of 100–199 and 2000–2699 on the access-
list commands; no one number is inherently better than an-
other.
For example, the command access-list 101 deny udp any lt
10455 host 30.3.3.3 eq 25 uses 101 as a number for the ac-
cess-list (you can use any number between 100–199 and
2000–2699), then deny all packets with udp headers from any
IP source with source port less than (lt) 10455, a destination IP
address 30.3.3.3 and a destination port equals to 25.
Hypothetical scenario: If a packet with UDP header uses a
port 10456 (which is greater than 10455), going to host
30.3.3.3 with destination port equals to 25, then this packet it’s
not gonna be denied, because the packet uses a port greater
than 10455. If the port was less than 10455 then the packet
would be denied.
Question 177. Which of the following access-list denies pack-
ets with a UDP header, a source IP address 30.3.3.3 and a
source port greater than 10455, any destination IP address
30.3.3.3 with destination port equal to 25?
(A) access-list 101 deny udp host 30.3.3.3 gt 10455 any eq
30
(B) access-list 101 deny udp host 30.3.3.3 gt 25 any eq 25
264
(C) access-list 101 deny udp host 30.0.0.0 gt 10455 any eq
25
(D) access-list 101 deny udp host 30.3.3.3 gt 10455 any
eq 25
Explanation 177. access-list 101 deny udp host 30.3.3.3 gt
10455 any eq 25 is the correct answer.
Question 178. Choose the wildcard mask that matches all IP
packets in the subnet 46.45.44.0, and mask 255.255.255.0.
(A) 0.0.0.255
(B) 0.0.255.255
(C) 0.255.255.255
(D) 255.255.255.255
Explanation 178. 0.0.0.255 is the correct answer.
The wildcard mask 0.0.0.255 matches all packets that have the
same first three octets.
The wildcard mask is used to match a range of addresses and
tells IOS to ignore parts of the address when making compar-
isons.
Wildcard masks use two simple rules:
1) When the decimal is 0 then the router has to compare the
265
octet.
2) When the decimal is 255 then the router has to ignore the
octet.
In this case, we had to match the network 46.45.44.0
255.255.255.0
So, the network part is46.45.44which means we have to tell
the router to compare the first three octets.
The wildcard mask 0.0.0.255 which is the correct answer tells
the router to compare the first three octets and ignore the last
octet.
If an upcoming packet has a source IP address46.45.44.145,
thenthere isa match and we either permit or deny that packet
based on the access control list rules.
If an upcoming packet has a source IP address20.56.20.145,
thenthere is nota match and we either permit or deny that
packet based on the access control list rules.
266
CHAPTER 9
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Questions 179-193
Question 179. When APs are placed at different geographic
locations, they can all be interconnected by a switched in-
frastructure. The 802.11 standard calls this an extended service
set (ESS).
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 180. A lightweight access point in which one of the
following architectures participate?
(A) Light-MAC
(B) Tunnel-MAC
(C) Big-MAC
(D) Split-MAC
Question 181. Which of the following controller ports is used to
connect to a peer controller for high availability (HA) operation?
(A) Service port
(B) Distribution system port
(C) Redundancy port
267
(D) Console port
Question 182. Which of the following wireless security tools is
used to protect the integrity of data in a wireless frame?
(A) MIC
(B) WIPS
(C) WEP
(D) EAP
Question 183. Wi-Fi is based on ________________ IEEE stan-
dards.
(A) 802.2
(B) 802.1
(C) 802.12
(D) 802.11
Question 184. Which of the following bridges can be used to
provide wireless connectivity to a non-wireless device?
(A) Wireless repeater
(B) Workgroup bridge
(C) Transparent bridge
(D) Adaptive bridge
Question 185. Which controller interface type maps a WLAN
to a VLAN?
268
(A) Management interface
(B) Redundancy management
(C) Virtual interface
(D) Service port interface
(E) Dynamic interface
Question 186. Which is the most preferred and secure way of
connecting to a WLC GUI to configure a new WLAN?
(A) SSH
(B) HTTP
(C) HTTPS
(D) FTP
(E) None of the above
Question 187. The maximum configurable number of WLANs
on a controller is__________________.
(A) 5
(B) 152
(C) 251
(D) 512
Question 188. Which of the followingIEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi stan-
dards use the 5 GHz band? (Choose all that apply)
(A) 802.11
(B) 802.11b
269
(C) 802.11g
(D) 802.11a
(E) 802.11n
(F) 802.11ac
(G) 802.11ax
Question 189. Wi-Fi commonly uses the 2.5GHz
and__________________ GHz bands.
(A) 5
(B) 3
(C) 1
(D) 4
Question 190. Choose the term that best describes a Cisco
wireless access point that operates in a standalone, indepen-
dent manner.
(A) Standalone Access point (AP)
(B) Autonomous Access Point (AP)
(C) Independent Access Point (AP)
(D) Cisco Access Point (AP)
Question 191. You are creating a new WLAN with the controller
GUI, which of the following parameters are necessary? (Choose
two)
(A) VLAN number
270
(B) SSID
(C) Interface
(D) BSSID
(E) IP subnet
Question 192. Which one of the following is a wireless encryp-
tion method that is not recommended for use due to vulnerabil-
ity issues?
(A) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
(B) Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
(C) Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
(D) Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
Question 193. Which of the followingIEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi stan-
dards use the 2.4 GHz band? (Choose all that apply)
(A) 802.11
(B) 802.11b
(C) 802.11g
(D) 802.11a
(E) 802.11n
(F) 802.11ac
(G) 802.11ax
271
Answers 179-193
Question 179. When APs are placed at different geographic
locations, they can all be interconnected by a switched in-
frastructure. The 802.11 standard calls this an extended service
set (ESS).
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 179. TRUE is the correct answer.
Normally, oneAP cannot cover the entire areawhere clients
might be located. For example, you might need wireless cover-
age throughout an entire floor of a business, hotel, hospital, or
other large building. To cover more area than a single AP’s cell
can cover, you simply need to add more APs and spread them
out geographically.
When APs are placed at different geographic locations, they
can all be interconnected by a switched infrastructure.The
802.11 standard calls this an extended service set (ESS).
The idea is to make multiple APs cooperate so that the wireless
service is consistent and seamless from the client’s perspec-
tive.
272
Question 180. A lightweight access point in which one of the
following architectures participate?
(A) Light-MAC
(B) Tunnel-MAC
(C) Big-MAC
(D) Split-MAC
Explanation 180. Split-MAC is the correct answer.
On a lightweight AP, the MAC function is divided between the
AP hardware and the WLC. The LAP-WLC division of labor is
known assplit-MAC architecture.
TheSplit MAC architecture dividesthe implementation of the
MAC functions between theAP and the controller.
The 802.11 AP at its simplest level is the 802.11 radio MAC layer
providing bridging to a wired network for the WLAN client as-
sociated to the AP Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID).
The 802.11 standard extends the single AP concept to allow
multiple APs to provide an extended service set (ESS), where
multiple APs use the same ESS identifier (ESSID; commonly re-
ferred to as an SSID) to allow a WLAN client to connect to the
same network through different APs.
273
TheLWAPP split MAC concept breaksthe APs making up the
ESS into two component types: the LWAPP AP, and the WLC.
These are linked via the LWAPP protocol across a network to
provide the same functionality of radio services, as well as
bridging of client traffic in a package that is simpler to deploy
and manage than individual APs connected to a common net-
work.
Note:Although the split MAC provides a Layer 2 connection
between the WLAN clients and the wired interface of the WLC,
this does not mean that the LWAPP tunnel passes all traffic; the
WLC forwards only IP Ethertype and its default behavior is not
to forward broadcast or multicast traffic. This becomes impor-
tant when considering multicast and broadcast in the WLAN
deployment.
Question 181. Which of the following controller ports is used to
connect to a peer controller for high availability (HA) operation?
(A) Service port
(B) Distribution system port
(C) Redundancy port
(D) Console port
Explanation 181. Redundancy port is the correct answer.
Service port:Used for out-of-band management, system re-
274
covery, and initial boot functions; always connects to a switch
port in access mode.
Distribution system port:Used for all normal AP and man-
agement traffic; usually connects to a switch port in 802.1Q
trunk mode.
Console port:Used for out-of-band management, system re-
covery, and initial boot functions.
Redundancy port:Used to connect to a peer controller for
high availability (HA) operation.
Question 182. Which of the following wireless security tools is
used to protect the integrity of data in a wireless frame?
(A) MIC
(B) WIPS
(C) WEP
(D) EAP
Explanation 182. MIC is the correct answer.
A message integrity check (MIC) is a security tool that can
protect against data tampering.
You can think of a MIC as a way for the sender to add a secret
275
stamp inside the encrypted data frame. The stamp is based on
the contents of the data bits to be transmitted.
Once the recipient decrypts the frame, it can compare the se-
cret stamp to its own idea of what the stamp should be, based
on the data bits that were received.
If the two stamps are identical, the recipient can safely assume
that the data has not been tampered with.
Question 183. Wi-Fi is based on ________________ IEEE stan-
dards.
(A) 802.2
(B) 802.1
(C) 802.12
(D) 802.11
Explanation 183. 802.11 is the correct answer.
The IEEE 802.11 standard defines Wi-Fi, while 802.3 standard
defines Ethernet.
Question 184. Which of the following bridges can be used to
provide wireless connectivity to a non-wireless device?
(A) Wireless repeater
(B) Workgroup bridge
276
(C) Transparent bridge
(D) Adaptive bridge
Explanation 184. Workgroup bridge is the correct answer.
Aworkgroup bridgeacts as a wireless client, but bridges traf-
fic to and from a wired device connected to it.
In workgroup bridge mode, the device associates to another
access point as a client and provides a network connection for
the equipment connected to its Ethernet port.
For example, if you need toprovide wireless connectivityfor
a group of network printers, you can connect the printers to a
hub or to a switch, connect the hub or switch to the access
point Ethernet port, and configure the access point as a work-
group bridge.The workgroup bridge associates to an ac-
cess point on your network
Question 185. Which controller interface type maps a WLAN
to a VLAN?
(A) Management interface
(B) Redundancy management
(C) Virtual interface
(D) Service port interface
(E) Dynamic interface
277
Explanation 185. Dynamic interface is the correct answer.
Cisco controllers support the following interface types:
1. Dynamic interface:Used to connect a VLAN to a WLAN.
2. Management interface:Used for normal management traf-
fic, such as RADIUS user authentication, WLC-to-WLC com-
munication, web-based, and SSH sessions, SNMP, Network
Time Protocol (NTP), syslog, and so on. The management in-
terface is also used to terminate CAPWAP tunnels between the
controller and its APs.
3. Redundancy management:The management IP address
of a redundant WLC that is part of a high availability pair of
controllers. The active WLC uses the management interface
address, while the standby WLC uses the redundancy man-
agement address.
3. Virtual interface:IP address facing wireless clients when
the controller is relaying client DHCP requests, performing
client web authentication, and supporting client mobility.
4. Service port interface:Bound to the service port and used
for out-of-band management.
278
Question 186. Which is the most preferred and secure way of
connecting to a WLC GUI to configure a new WLAN?
(A) SSH
(B) HTTP
(C) HTTPS
(D) FTP
(E) None of the above
Explanation 186. HTTPS is the correct answer.
You can use either HTTP or HTTPS to access the GUI but the
HTTPS method is most preferred because it is far more secure
than HTTP as it uses TLS (SSL) to encrypt normal HTTP re-
quests and responses.
The only difference between theHypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP)andHypertext transfer protocol secure
(HTTPS)protocols is that HTTPS uses TLS (SSL) to encrypt
normal HTTP requests and responses. As a result, HTTPS is far
more secure than HTTP.
Question 187. The maximum configurable number of WLANs
on a controller is__________________.
(A) 5
(B) 152
(C) 251
279
(D) 512
Explanation 187. 512 is the correct answer.
The maximum configurable number of WLANs on a controller
is512.
Question 188. Which of the followingIEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi stan-
dards use the 5 GHz band? (Choose all that apply)
(A) 802.11
(B) 802.11b
(C) 802.11g
(D) 802.11a
(E) 802.11n
(F) 802.11ac
(G) 802.11ax
Explanation 188. D, E, F, G is the correct answer.
The following table provides all the needed information to an-
swer any question either on the interview as a junior network
engineer or for the CCNA 200-301 exam. Make sure to memo-
rize it.
IEEE Stan-
dard
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
Max Data Rate
280
Question 189. Wi-Fi commonly uses the 2.4GHz
and__________________ GHz bands.
(A) 5
(B) 3
(C) 1
(D) 4
Explanation 189. 5 is the correct answer. Wi-Fi commonly
uses the 2.5GHz and 5GHz bands.
The 2.4GHz and 5GHz refer to two different “bands” that the
Wi-Fi can use for its signal. The biggest difference between the
two is speed. Under ideal conditions, 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi will sup-
802.11
Yes
No
2 Mbps
802.11b
Yes
No
11 Mbps
802.11g
Yes
No
54 Mbps
802.11a
No
Yes
54 Mbps
802.11n
Yes
Yes
600 Mbps
802.11ac
No
Yes
6.93 Gbps
802.11ax
Yes
Yes
4x higher than
802.11ac
281
port up to 450 Mbps or 600 Mbps, while. 5 GHz Wi-Fi will sup-
port up to 1300 Mbps.
The 2.4 GHz band is a pretty crowded place because it’s used
by more than just Wi-Fi. Old cordless phones, garage door
openers, baby monitors, and other devices tend to use the 2.4
GHz band, and this can cause dropped connections and slow-
er-than-expected speeds.
The 5 GHz band is much less congested, which means you
will likely get more stable connections. You’ll also see higher
speeds. On the other hand, the shorter waves used by the 5
GHz band makes it less able to penetrate walls and solid ob-
jects.
Question 190. Choose the term that best describes a Cisco
wireless access point that operates in a standalone, indepen-
dent manner.
(A) Standalone Access point (AP)
(B) Autonomous Access Point (AP)
(C) Independent Access Point (AP)
(D) Cisco Access Point (AP)
Explanation 189. Autonomous Access Point is the correct
answer. An autonomous AP can operate independently with-
out the need for a centralized wireless LAN controller.
282
An autonomous AP is self-contained; it is equipped with both
wired and wireless hardware so that the wireless client associa-
tions can be terminated onto a wired connection locally at the
AP.
Autonomous APs offerone or more fully functional, stand-
alone basic service sets (BSSs).They are also a natural ex-
tension of a switched network, connecting wireless service set
identifiers (SSIDs) to wired virtual LANs (VLANs) at the access
layer.
An autonomous AP offers a short andsimple path for datato
travel between the wireless and wired networks. Data has to
travel only through the AP to reach the network on the other
side. Two wireless users that are associated with the same au-
tonomous AP can reach each other through the AP without
having to pass up into the wired network.
Question 191. You are creating a new WLAN with the controller
GUI, which of the following parameters are necessary? (Choose
two)
(A) VLAN number
(B) SSID
(C) Interface
(D) BSSID
283
(E) IP subnet
Explanation 191. SSID and Interface are the correct an-
swers. The SSID and controller interface are the only parame-
ters from the list that are necessary in order to create a new
WLAN.
Question 192. Which one of the following is a wireless encryp-
tion method that is not recommended for use due to vulnerabil-
ity issues?
(A) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
(B) Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
(C) Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
(D) Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
Explanation 192. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Inter-
face are the correct answers. WEP is known to have a num-
ber of weaknesses and has been compromised. Therefore, it
has been officially deprecated and should not be used in a
wireless network.
Question 193. Which of the followingIEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi stan-
dards use the 2.4 GHz band? (Choose all that apply)
(A) 802.11
(B) 802.11b
284
(C) 802.11g
(D) 802.11a
(E) 802.11n
(F) 802.11ac
(G) 802.11ax
Explanation 193. A, B, C, E and G are the correct answers.
The following table provides all the needed information to an-
swer any question either on the interview as a junior network
engineer or for the CCNA 200-301 exam. Make sure to memo-
rize it.
IEEE Stan-
dard
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
Max Data Rate
802.11
Yes
No
2 Mbps
802.11b
Yes
No
11 Mbps
802.11g
Yes
No
54 Mbps
802.11a
No
Yes
54 Mbps
802.11n
Yes
Yes
600 Mbps
802.11ac
No
Yes
6.93 Gbps
285
802.11ax
Yes
Yes
4x higher than
802.11ac
286
CHAPTER 10
IP SERVICES
Questions 194-203
Question 194. Examine the following show command output
on a router configured for dynamic NAT:
— Inside Source
access-list 1 pool examsdigest
pool examsdigest: netmask 255.255.255.240
start 190.1.1.1 end 190.1.1.10
type generic, total addresses 10, allocated 10 (100%), misses
595
You are responsible to find out why users are not being able to
reach the Internet.
(A) The cause is not related to dynamic NAT
(B) The command output does not provide any clue to iden-
tify the problem
(C) Dynamic NAT can't use Standard ACLs
(D) The NAT pool does not have enough entries to fulfill the
user's requests
287
Question 195. Log messages may tell you about some events,
either critical or not. To help you make sense of the importance
of each message, IOS assigns each message a severity level.
Which of the following severity level means Warning - Warn-
ing condition?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
Question 196. Log messages may tell you about some events,
either critical or not. To help you make sense of the importance
of each message, IOS assigns each message a severity level.
Which of the following severity level means Informational: In-
formational message only?
(A) 1
(B) 6
(C) 4
(D) 5
Question 197. Given the diagram below, complete the missing
configuration command in order to make the static NAT func-
tional.
288
Configuration snippet
R1# show running-config
! Lines omitted for brevity !
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 190.2.2.21 255.255.255.0
ip ____________________ (missing command)
ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.2 200.1.1.2
ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.1 200.1.1.1
(A) nat source
(B) nat enable
(C) nat address
(D) nat outside
289
Question 198. One of the features of SNMPv3 is called mes-
sage integrity.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 199. You have been tasked to find out whether the
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is enabled globally. Which
command will you type?
(A) show protocols
(B) show cdp
(C) show running-config
(D) show interface brief
Question 200. Which of the following protocols synchronize
the time of different systems?
(A) NTP
(B) SMTP
(C) UDP
(D) CDP
Question 201. R1 and R2 are attached to the same Ethernet
VLAN, with subnet 192.168.1.0/24, and addresses 192.168.1.1,
192.168.2 respectively. The routers use an FHRP. Host A and
host B attach to the same LAN and have correct default router
settings per the FHRP configuration. Which of the following
290
statements is true for this LAN?
(A) You can't connect two routers to the same LAN subnet.
(B) If one router fails, hosts can't send packets off-subnet
(C) If one router fails, both hosts will use the one remaining
router as a default router
(D) if one router fails, only one of the two hosts will still be
able to send packets off-subnet
Question 202. The snippet below is a Dynamic NAT configura-
tion command?
ExamsDigestR1# show running-config
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 100.1.1.249 255.255.255.252 ip nat outside
ip nat inside source list 1 interface Serial0/0/0 overload
access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.2
access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.1
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 203. Which of the following characteristics of net-
work traffic can be managed by Quality of Service (QoS)?
291
(Choose all that apply)
(A) Bandwidth
(B) LLQ
(C) Loss
(D) Delay
(E) CoS
(F) Jitter
292
Answers 194-203
Question 194. Examine the following show command output
on a router configured for dynamic NAT:
— Inside Source
access-list 1 pool examsdigest
pool examsdigest: netmask 255.255.255.240
start 190.1.1.1 end 190.1.1.10
type generic, total addresses 10, allocated 10 (100%), misses
595
You are responsible to find out why users are not being able to
reach the Internet.
(A) The cause is not related to dynamic NAT
(B) The command output does not provide any clue to iden-
tify the problem
(C) Dynamic NAT can't use Standard ACLs
(D) The NAT pool does not have enough entries to fulfill
the user's requests
Explanation 194. The NAT pool does not have enough en-
tries to fulfill the user's requests is the correct answer. As
293
you can see, the last line mentions that the pool has ten ad-
dresses, with all ten allocated, with the misses counter 595,
meaning that 595 new flows were rejected because of insuffi-
cient space in the NAT pool.
Question 195. Log messages may tell you about some events,
either critical or not. To help you make sense of the importance
of each message, IOS assigns each message a severity level.
Which of the following severity level means Warning - Warn-
ing condition?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
Explanation 195. 4 is the correct answer. Log messages may
tell you about some events, either critical or not.
To help you make sense of the importance of each message,
IOS assigns each message a severity level: the lower the num-
ber, the more severe the event that caused the message.
The two top levels (EmergencyandAlerts) are the most se-
vere. Messages from this level mean a serious and immediate
issue exists.
294
The next three levels (Critical,Error, andWarning), tell about
events that impact the device, but they are not as immediate
and severe. For instance, one common log message about an
interface failing to a physically down state shows as a severity
level 3 message.
IOS uses the next two levels (NotificationandInformational)
for messages that are more about notifying the user rather than
identifying errors. The last level (Debugging) is used for mes-
sages requested by the debug command.
Numeral
Description
0
Emergency: System unusable
1
Alert: Immediate action needed
2
Critical: Critical condition—default level
3
Error: Error condition
4
Warning: Warning condition
5
Notification: Normal but significant condi-
tion
6
Informational: Informational message only
295
Question 196. Log messages may tell you about some events,
either critical or not. To help you make sense of the importance
of each message, IOS assigns each message a severity level.
Which of the following severity level means Informational: In-
formational message only?
(A) 1
(B) 6
(C) 4
(D) 5
Explanation 196. 6 is the correct answer.
7
Debugging: Appears during debugging only
Numeral
Description
0
Emergency: System unusable
1
Alert: Immediate action needed
2
Critical: Critical condition—default level
3
Error: Error condition
4
Warning: Warning condition
296
Question 197. Given the diagram below, complete the missing
configuration command in order to make the static NAT func-
tional.
Configuration snippet
R1# show running-config
5
Notification: Normal but significant condition
6
Informational: Informational message only
7
Debugging: Appears during debugging only
297
! Lines omitted for brevity !
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 190.2.2.21 255.255.255.0
ip ____________________ (missing command)
ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.2 200.1.1.2
ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.1 200.1.1.1
(A) nat source
(B) nat enable
(C) nat address
(D) nat outside
Explanation 197. nat outside is the correct answer. The final
configuration command should be like this:
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 190.2.2.21 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.2 200.1.1.2
298
Static NAT configuration requires only a few configuration
steps. Each static mapping between a local (private) address
and a global (public) address must be configured.
In addition, because NAT may be used on a subset of inter-
faces, the router must be told on which interfaces it should use
NAT. Those same interface subcommands tell NAT whether the
interface is inside or outside. The specific steps are as follows:
Step 1. Use the ip nat inside command in interface configura-
tion mode to configure interfaces to be in the inside part of the
NAT design.
Step 2. Use the ip nat outside command in interface configura-
tion mode to configure interfaces to be in the outside part of
the NAT design.
Step 3. Use the ip nat inside source static inside-local inside-
global command in global configuration mode to configure the
static mappings.
Question 198. One of the features of SNMPv3 is called mes-
sage integrity.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
299
Explanation 198. TRUE is the correct answer. Simple Net-
work Management Protocol (SNMP)is a way for different de-
vices on a network to share information with one another. It al-
lows devices to communicate even if the devices are different
hardware and run different software.
Without a protocol like SNMP, there would be no way for net-
work management tools to identify devices, monitor network
performance, keep track of changes to the network, or deter-
mine the status of network devices in real-time.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) provides a
message format for communication between what are termed,
managers, and agents. An SNMP manager is a network man-
agement application running on a PC or server, with that host
typically being called aNetwork Management Station (NMS).
As for the SNMP protocol messages, all versions of SNMP sup-
port a basic clear-text password mechanism, although none of
those versions refer to the mechanism as using a password.
SNMP Version 3 (SNMPv3) adds more modern security as well.
The following are SNMPv3 features:
300
1. Message integrity:This mechanism, applied to all SNMPv3
messages, confirms whether or not each message has been
changed during transit.
2. Authentication:This optional feature adds authentication
with both a username and password, with the password never
sent as clear text. Instead, it uses a hashing method like many
other modern authentication processes.
3. Encryption (privacy):This optional feature encrypts the
contents of SNMPv3 messages so that attackers who intercept
the messages cannot read their contents.
Question 199. You have been tasked to find out whether the
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is enabled globally. Which
command will you type?
(A) show protocols
(B) show cdp
(C) show running-config
(D) show interface brief
Explanation 199. show cdp is the correct answer. CDP dis-
covers basic information about neighboring routers and
switches without needing to know the passwords for the
neighboring devices. To discover information, routers and
switches send CDP messages out each of their interfaces.
301
The messages essentially announce information about the de-
vice that sent the CDP message. Devices that support CDP
learn information about others by listening for the advertise-
ments sent by other devices.
CDP discovers several useful details from the neighboring
Cisco devices:
1. Device identifier:Typically the host name.
2. Address list:Network and data-link addresses.
3. Port identifier:The interface on the remote router or switch
on the other end of the link that sent the CDP advertisement.
4. Capabilities list:Information on what type of device it is (for
example, a router or a switch).
5. Platform:The model and OS level running on the device.
Question 200. Which of the following protocols synchronize
the time of different systems?
(A) NTP
(B) SMTP
(C) UDP
(D) CDP
Explanation 200. NTP is the correct answer. NTP (network
302
time protocol)is a protocol for clock synchronization in com-
puter systems.
NTP is a built-on UDP, where port 123 is used for NTP server
communication and NTP clients use port 1023 (for example, a
desktop). Unfortunately, like many legacy protocols, NTP suf-
fers from security issues.
It is possible to spoof NTP packets, causing clocks to set to
various times (an issue for certain services that run
periodically). There are several cases of NTP misuse and abuse
where servers are the victim of DoS attacks.
As a result, if clock synchronization is needed, it may be better
to provide an internal NTP server (master clock) that synchro-
nizes the remaining clocks in the internal network.
Cisco supplies two ntp configuration commands that dictate
how NTP works on a router or switch, as follows:
ntp master{stratum-level}: NTP server mode—the device acts
only as an NTP server, and not as an NTP client. The device
gets its time information from the internal clock on the device.
ntp server{address | hostname}: NTP client/server mode—the
303
device acts as both client and server. First, it acts as an NTP
client, to synchronize time with a server. Once synchronized,
the device can then act as an NTP server, to supply time to
other NTP clients.
Question 201. R1 and R2 are attached to the same Ethernet
VLAN, with subnet 192.168.1.0/24, and addresses 192.168.1.1,
192.168.2 respectively. The routers use an FHRP. Host A and
host B attach to the same LAN and have correct default router
settings per the FHRP configuration. Which of the following
statements is true for this LAN?
(A) You can't connect two routers to the same LAN subnet.
(B) If one router fails, hosts can't send packets off-subnet
(C) If one router fails, both hosts will use the one re-
maining router as a default router
(D) if one router fails, only one of the two hosts will still be
able to send packets off-subnet
Explanation 201. If one router fails, both hosts will use the
one remaining router as a default router
is the correct answer. The use of an FHRP in this design pur-
posefully allows either router to fail and still support off-subnet
traffic from all hosts in the subnet. Both routers can attach to
the same LAN subnet per IPv4 addressing rules.
304
FHRPs make this design work better. The two routers appear
to be a single default router. The users never have to do any-
thing: their default router setting remains the same, and their
ARP table even remains the same.
To allow the hosts to remain unchanged, the routers have to do
some more work, as defined by one of the FHRP protocols.
Generically, each FHRP makes the following happen:
1.All hosts act like they always have, with one default router
setting that never has to change
2.The default routers share a virtual IP address in the subnet,
defined by the FHRP
3.Hosts use the FHRP virtual IP address as their default router
address
4.The routers exchange FHRP protocol messages so that both
agree as to which router does what works at any point in time
5.When a router fails or has some other problem, the routers
use the FHRP to choose which router takes over responsibilities
from the failed router
The three FHRP protocols are:
1)Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
2)Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
305
3)Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)
Question 202. The snippet below is a Dynamic NAT configura-
tion command?
ExamsDigestR1# show running-config
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 100.1.1.249 255.255.255.252 ip nat outside
ip nat inside source list 1 interface Serial0/0/0 overload
access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.2
access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.1
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 202. FALSE is the correct answer. The configu-
ration above is a PAT configuration not Dynamic NAT.
Port Address Translation (PAT)is another type of dynamic
NAT that can map multiple private IP addresses to a single pub-
lic IP address by using a technology known as Port Address
Translation.
306
Here, when a client from inside network communicates to a
host on the internet, the router changes the source port (TCP or
UDP) number with another port number. These port mappings
are kept in a table. When the router receives from the internet, it
will refer to the table which keeps the port mappings and for-
ward the data packet to the original sender.
The following checklist details the configuration when using an
interface IP address as the sole inside global IP address:
Step 1.
As with dynamic and static NAT, configure the ip nat inside in-
terface subcommand to identify inside interfaces.
Step 2.
As with dynamic and static NAT, configure the ip nat outside
interface subcommand to identify outside interfaces.
Step 3.
As with dynamic NAT, configure an ACL that matches the
packets entering inside interfaces.
Step 4.
Configure the ip nat inside source list acl-number interface
type/number overload global configuration command, refer-
ring to the ACL created in step 3 and to the interface whose IP
307
address will be used for translations.
Question 203. Which of the following characteristics of net-
work traffic can be managed by Quality of Service (QoS)?
(Choose all that apply)
(A) Bandwidth
(B) LLQ
(C) Loss
(D) Delay
(E) CoS
(F) Jitter
Explanation 203. A, C, D and F are the correct answers.
Cisco offers a wide range of QoS tools on both routers and
switches. All these tools give you the means to manage four
characteristics of network traffic:
1) Bandwidth
2) Delay
3) Jitter
4) Loss
Bandwidthrefers to the speed of a link, in bits per second
(bps).
308
Delayrefers to the time between sending one packet and that
same packet arriving at the destination host. Also, delay refers
to the time between sending one packet and that same packet
arriving at the destination host plus the time for the receiver of
that packet to send back a packet.
Jitteris the variation in the latency on a packet flow between
two systems, when some packets take longer to travel from
one system to the other. Jitter results from network congestion,
timing drift, and route changes.
Lossrefers to the number of lost messages, usually as a per-
centage of packets sent.
309
CHAPTER 11
NETWORK DESIGN ARCHITEC-
TURE
Questions 204-217
Question 204. The customer edge device is typically a router,
that sits at a customer site on MPLS networks and connects to
a provider edge router (PE router) to take communications from
a customer site to a provider side.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 205. ____________________ is a network design that
connects a link between each pair of nodes.
(A) Full Mesh
(B) Star
(C) Hybrid
(D) Partial Mesh
Question 206. With PoE, a LAN switch can act as the Power
Sourcing Equipment (PSE).
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
310
Question 207. Which of the following protocols or technolo-
gies do you use each time you connect remotely through VPN?
(A) TLS
(B) IPsec
(C) SSH
(D) Telnet
(E) FTPS
Question 208. Which of the following roles of campus switch-
es provides a connection point for end-user devices?
(A) Access
(B) Distribution
(C) Core
(D) Campus
Question 209. Which of the following roles of campus switch-
es provides an aggregation point for access switches?
(A) Access
(B) Distribution
(C) Core
(D) Campus
Question 210. Which of the following roles of campus switch-
es aggregates distribution switches in very large campus
311
LANs?
(A) Access
(B) Distribution
(C) Core
(D) Campus
Question 211. Your company plans to start using public cloud
service and now you are considering different WAN options.
Your main concern is security by keeping the data private while
also providing good QoS services. Which of the following op-
tions are under consideration? (Choose two answers.)
(A) Using private WAN connections directly to the cloud
provider
(B) Using an Internet connection without VPN
(C) Using an Internet connection with VPN
(D) Using an intercloud exchange
Question 212. One of the differences between Public Cloud
and Private Cloud (On-Premise) is that on the Public Cloud so-
lution you are responsible for all management, maintenance,
and updating of data centers.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
312
Question 213. A company uses a Metro Ethernet WAN with an
Ethernet LAN (E-LAN) service, with the company headquarters
plus 20 remote sites connected to the service. The enterprise
uses OSPF at all sites, with one router connected to the service
from each site. Which of the following are true about the Layer
3 details most likely used with this service and design?
(Choose all that apply)
(A) The WAN uses one IP subnet
(B) The WAN uses 20 or more IP subnets
(C) A remote site router would have one OSPF neighbor
(D) A remote site router would have 20 OSPF neighbors
Question 214. The process of dividing a physical server into
multiple unique and isolated virtual servers by means of a soft-
ware application is called server _________________.
(A) Integration
(B) Isolation
(C) Virtualization
(D) Segmentation
Question 215. Which cloud “As a Service” model is a form of
cloud computing that delivers fundamental compute, network,
and storage resources to consumers on-demand, over the in-
ternet, and on a pay-as-you-go basis?
313
(A) Software as a Service
(B) Platform as a Service
(C) Infrastructure as a Service
(D) Database as a Service
Question 216. Which cloud “As a Service” model is a software
distribution model in which a third-party provider hosts ap-
plications and makes them available to customers over the In-
ternet?
(A) Software as a Service
(B) Platform as a Service
(C) Infrastructure as a Service
(D) Database as a Service
Question 217. Which cloud “As a Service” model is a complete
development and deployment environment in the cloud, with
resources that enable you to deliver everything from simple
cloud-based apps to sophisticated, cloud-enabled enterprise
applications?
(A) Software as a Service
(B) Platform as a Service
(C) Infrastructure as a Service
(D) Database as a Service
314
Answers 204-217
Question 204. The customer edge device is typically a router,
that sits at a customer site on MPLS networks and connects to
a provider edge router (PE router) to take communications from
a customer site to a provider side.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 204. TRUE is the correct answer. The customer
edge device is typically a router, that sits at a customer site on
MPLS networks and connects to a provider edge router (PE
router) to take communications from a customer site to a
provider side.
Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS)is a protocol-agnos-
tic routing technique designed to speed up and shape traffic
flows across wide area- and service provider- networks. It’s a
way to insure reliable connections for real-time applications by
establishing pre-determined, highly efficient routes.
MPLS users two important terms in context:customer edge
(CE)andprovider edge (PE).
A CE router ( customer edge router )is a router located on
315
the customer premises that provides an Ethernet interface be-
tween the customer’s LAN and the provider’s core network. CE
routers, P (provider) routers and PE (provider edge) routers are
components in an MPLS (multiprotocol label switching) archi-
tecture. Provider routers are located in the core of the provider
or carrier’s network.
Provider edge routerssit at the edge of the network. CE
routers connect to PE routers and PE routers connect to other
PE routers over P routers.
Question 205. ____________________ is a network design that
connects a link between each pair of nodes.
(A) Full Mesh
(B) Star
(C) Hybrid
(D) Partial Mesh
Explanation 205. Full Mesh is the correct answer. Full Mesh
is a network design that connects a link between each pair of
nodes.
The networking world uses several common terms about
LAN and WAN topology and design including these:
Star:A design in which one central device connects to several
316
others so that if you drew the links out in all directions, the de-
sign would look like a star with light shining in all directions.
Full mesh:For any set of network nodes, a design that con-
nects a link between each pair of nodes.
Partial mesh:For any set of network nodes, a design that con-
nects a link between some pairs of nodes, but not all. In other
words, a mesh that is not a full mesh.
Hybrid:A design that combines topology design concepts into
a larger (typically more complex) design.
Question 206. With PoE, a LAN switch can act as the Power
Sourcing Equipment (PSE).
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 206. TRUE is the correct answer. WithPower
over Ethernet (PoE), some device, typically a LAN switch, acts
as the Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE)—that is, the device
that supplies DC power over the Ethernet UTP cable.
A device that has the capability to be powered over the Ether-
net cable, rather than by some other power connector on the
317
device,is called the Powered Device (PD).
Question 207. Which of the following protocols or technolo-
gies do you use each time you connect remotely through VPN?
(A) TLS
(B) IPsec
(C) SSH
(D) Telnet
(E) FTPS
Explanation 207. TLS is the correct answer. The term remote
access VPN, or client VPN, typically refers to a VPN for which
one endpoint is a user device, such as a phone, tablet, or PC. In
those cases,Transport Layer Security (TLS)is the more likely
protocol to use. TLS is included in browsers and is commonly
used to connect securely to websites.
Internet VPNs can provide important security features, such as
the following:
Confidentiality (privacy):Preventing anyone in the middle of
the Internet (man in the middle) from being able to read the
data.
Authentication:Verifying that the sender of the VPN packet is
318
a legitimate device and not a device used by an attacker.
Data integrity:Verifying that the packet was not changed as
the packet transited the Internet.
Anti-replay:Preventing a man in the middle from copying and
later replaying the packets sent by a legitimate user, for the
purpose of appearing to be a legitimate user.
To accomplish these goals, two devices near the edge of the
Internet create a VPN, called a VPN tunnel.
Question 208. Which of the following roles of campus switch-
es provides a connection point for end-user devices?
(A) Access
(B) Distribution
(C) Core
(D) Campus
Explanation 208. Access is the correct answer.
Accessprovides a connection point for end-user devices. Ac-
cess does not forward frames between two other access
switches under normal circumstances.
319
Question 209. Which of the following roles of campus switch-
es provides an aggregation point for access switches?
(A) Access
(B) Distribution
(C) Core
(D) Campus
Explanation 209. Distribution is the correct answer. Distri-
butionprovides an aggregation point for access switches, pro-
viding connectivity to the rest of the devices in the LAN, for-
warding frames between switches, but not connecting directly
to end-user devices.
320
Question 210. Which of the following roles of campus switch-
es aggregates distribution switches in very large campus
LANs?
(A) Access
(B) Distribution
(C) Core
(D) Campus
Explanation 210. Core is the correct answer. Coreaggre-
gates distribution switches in very large campus LANs, provid-
321
ing very high forwarding rates for the larger volume of traffic
due to the size of the network.
Question 211. Your company plans to start using public cloud
service and now you are considering different WAN options.
Your main concern is security by keeping the data private while
also providing good QoS services. Which of the following op-
tions are under consideration? (Choose two answers.)
(A) Using private WAN connections directly to the cloud
provider
(B) Using an Internet connection without VPN
(C) Using an Internet connection with VPN
322
(D) Using an intercloud exchange
Explanation 211. A and D are the correct answers. Private
WANoptions use technologies like Ethernet WAN and MPLS,
both of which keep data private by their nature and which in-
clude QoS services.
Private WAN use technologies to transmit data between two or
more locations, whilst prioritizing private internet traffic and
avoiding public network to increase the level of security. Essen-
tially it is a private network that allows a multi-sited business to
share information, privately, with their own private internet.
Anintercloud exchangeis a purpose-built WAN service that
connects to enterprises as well as most public cloud providers,
using the same kinds of private WAN technology with those
same benefits.
Intercloud exchange has come to be known as a company
that creates a private network as a service. First, an intercloud
exchange connects to multiple cloud providers on one side. On
the other side, the intercloud connects to cloud consumers.
The pros is that you get the same benefits as when connecting
with a private WAN connection to a public cloud, and the mi-
323
gration to a new cloud provider is easier.
The main con is that using an intercloud exchange introduces
another company into the mix.
For the two incorrect answers, both use the Internet, so both
cannot provide QoS services. The Internet VPN option does
encrypt the data to keep it private.
Question 212. One of the differences between Public Cloud
and Private Cloud (On-Premise) is that on the Public Cloud so-
lution you are responsible for all management, maintenance,
and updating of data centers.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 212. FALSE is the correct answer. APrivate
Cloud (On-Premise)solution, also known as an internal or en-
terprise cloud, resides on the company’s hosted data center
where all of your data is protected behind a firewall. However,
the main drawback with a private cloud is that all management,
maintenance and updating of data centers is the responsibility
of the company.
On aPublic Cloudsolution, you aren’t responsible for any of
324
the management. Your data is stored in the provider’s data
center and the provider is responsible for the management and
maintenance of the data center.
This type of cloud environment is appealing to many compa-
nies because it reduces lead times in testing and deploying
new products. However, the drawback is that many companies
feel security could be lacking with a public cloud.
Question 213. A company uses a Metro Ethernet WAN with an
Ethernet LAN (E-LAN) service, with the company headquarters
plus 20 remote sites connected to the service. The enterprise
uses OSPF at all sites, with one router connected to the service
from each site. Which of the following are true about the Layer
3 details most likely used with this service and design?
(Choose all that apply)
(A) The WAN uses one IP subnet
(B) The WAN uses 20 or more IP subnets
(C) A remote site router would have one OSPF neighbor
(D) A remote site router would have 20 OSPF neighbors
Explanation 213. A and D are the correct answers. An E-
LAN service is one in which theMetro Ethernet serviceacts
as if the WAN were a single Ethernet switch so that each device
can communicate directly to every other device.
325
As a result,the routers sit in the same subnet.
With one headquarters router and 20 remote sites,each router
will have 20 OSPF neighbors.
Question 214. The process of dividing a physical server into
multiple unique and isolated virtual servers by means of a soft-
ware application is called server _________________.
(A) Integration
(B) Isolation
(C) Virtualization
(D) Segmentation
Explanation 214. Virtualization is the correct answer. The
process of dividing a physical server into multiple unique and
isolated virtual servers by means of a software application is
called server virtualization. Each virtual server can run its own
operating systems independently.
Key Benefits of Server Virtualization:
1. Higher server ability
2. Cheaper operating costs
3. Eliminate server complexity
326
4. Increased application performance
5. Deploy workload quicker
Without server virtualization, servers only use a small part of
their processing power. This results in servers sitting idle be-
cause the workload is distributed to only a portion of the net-
work’s servers. Data centers become overcrowded with under-
utilized servers, causing a waste of resources and power.
By having each physical server divided into multiple virtual
servers, server virtualization allows each virtual server to act as
a unique physical device.
Each virtual server can run its own applications and operating
system. This process increases the utilization of resources by
making each virtual server act as a physical server and increas-
es the capacity of each physical machine.
Question 215. Which cloud “As a Service” model is a form of
cloud computing that delivers fundamental compute, network,
and storage resources to consumers on-demand, over the in-
ternet, and on a pay-as-you-go basis?
(A) Software as a Service
(B) Platform as a Service
(C) Infrastructure as a Service
(D) Database as a Service
327
Explanation 215. Infrastructure as a Service is the correct
answer. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)is a form of cloud
computing that delivers fundamental compute, network, and
storage resources to consumers on-demand, over the internet,
and on a pay-as-you-go basis.
IaaS gives users cloud-based alternatives to on-premise in-
frastructure, so businesses can avoid investing in expensive
on-site resources. With IaaS, you can buy what you need, as
you need it, and purchase more as your business grows.
IaaS solutions are highly flexible and highly scalable, and you
can replace it whenever you need without losing money on
your initial investment.
IaaS examples:AWS EC2, Rackspace, Google Compute En-
gine (GCE), Digital Ocean
Question 216. Which cloud “As a Service” model is a software
distribution model in which a third-party provider hosts ap-
plications and makes them available to customers over the In-
ternet?
(A) Software as a Service
(B) Platform as a Service
328
(C) Infrastructure as a Service
(D) Database as a Service
Explanation 216. Software as a Service is the correct an-
swer. Software as a Service (SaaS)is a software distribution
model in which a third-party provider hosts applications and
makes them available to customers over the Internet.
SaaS platforms make software available to users over the inter-
net, usually for a monthly subscription fee. With SaaS, you
don’t need to install and run software applications on your
computer (or any computer).
Everything is available over the internet when you log in to your
account online. You can usually access the software from any
device, anytime (as long as there is an internet connection).
SaaS examples:Google Apps, Salesforce, Dropbox, Slack.
Question 217. Which cloud “As a Service” model is a complete
development and deployment environment in the cloud, with
resources that enable you to deliver everything from simple
cloud-based apps to sophisticated, cloud-enabled enterprise
applications?
(A) Software as a Service
329
(B) Platform as a Service
(C) Infrastructure as a Service
(D) Database as a Service
Explanation 217. Platform as a Service is the correct an-
swer. Platform as a Service (PaaS)is a complete develop-
ment and deployment environment in the cloud, with resources
that enable you to deliver everything from simple cloud-based
apps to sophisticated, cloud-enabled enterprise applications.
PaaS is primarily used by developers who are building software
or applications. A PaaS solution provides the platform for de-
velopers to create unique, customizable software. This means
developers don’t need to start from scratch when creating ap-
plications, saving them a lot of time (and money) on writing ex-
tensive code.
PaaS is a popular choice for businesses who want to create
unique applications without spending a fortune or taking on all
the responsibility.
PaaS examples:Heroku, Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce
Cloud.
330
CHAPTER 12
NETWORK AUTOMATION
Questions 218-230
Question 218. Which of the following configuration manage-
ment tools uses agentless architecture for managing network
devices?
(A) Ansible
(B) Puppet
(C) Chef
(D) Ansible and Puppet
(E) Puppet and Chef
Question 219. Given the following JSON object, how many ob-
ject keys found in the sample below?
{ “response”:
{ “id”: “3”,
“name”: “Cisco Catalyst”,
“ipAddress”: {
“private”: “192.168.1.1”,
“public” : “156.157.1.1”
}
331
}
}
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6
Question 220. CRUD is the acronym of the four primary ac-
tions performed by an application. What does CRUD stand for?
(A) Create, Read, Update, Delete
(B) Create, Read, Update, Done
(C) Create, Resolve, Update, Delete
(D) Create, Resolve, Update, Done
Question 221. A Layer 2 switch examines a frame’s destination
MAC address and forwards that frame out of the port G0/2.
That action occurs as part of which plane of the switch?
(A) Data plane
(B) Management plane
(C) Control Plane
(D) None of the above
Question 222. Which answer correctly describes the format of
the JSON text below? (Choose two answers)
(A) One JSON object that has one key:value pair
332
(B) One JSON object that has two key:value pairs
(C) One JSON object that has three key:value pair
(D) Two JSON objects that have two key:value pair
(E) A JSON object whose value is a second JSON object
Question 223. Identify the hostname part from the given URI:
https://cluster.cisco.com/dna/intent/api/v1/business/sda/fabric?
ipaddress=10.1.2.3.
(A) https://
(B) cluster.cisco
(C) cluster.cisco.com
(D) dna/intent/api/v1/business/sda/fabric
(E) ?ipaddress=10.1.2.3
Question 224. Which of the following features of Cisco DNA
Center discovers the actual path the packets will take from the
source to the destination based on the current forwarding ta-
bles?
(A) Encrypted traffic analysis
(B) Device 360 and Client 360
(C) Network time travel
(D) Path trace
Question 225. Which of the following features of Cisco DNA
Center shows past client performance in a timeline for compar-
333
ison to current behavior?
(A) Encrypted traffic analysis
(B) Device 360 and Client 360
(C) Network time travel
(D) Path trace
Question 226. Which of the following features of Cisco DNA
Center gives a comprehensive view of the health of the device?
(A) Encrypted traffic analysis
(B) Device 360 and Client 360
(C) Network time travel
(D) Path trace
Question 227. Which of the following features of Cisco DNA
Center enables Cisco DNA to use algorithms to recognize se-
curity threats even in encrypted traffic?
(A) Encrypted traffic analysis
(B) Device 360 and Client 360
(C) Network time travel
(D) Path trace
Question 228. Your company decides to move away from
manual configuration methods, making changes by editing
centralized configuration files. The issues you are facing with
non-centralized configuration files are:
334
1) You don’t know who engineer made the changes in the con-
figuration file.
2) You don’t know the changes in the configuration file over
time.
Which tool your company will use in order to solve these is-
sues?
(A) Version Control System
(B) Version Control Configuration
(C) Version Control Change
(D) Version Control Edit
Question 229. One of the benefits of controller-based net-
works over traditional networks is that the configuration on the
devices have fewer errors, and you spent less time trou-
bleshooting the network.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Question 230. The ______________________ plane includes proto-
cols that allow network engineers to manage the devices.
(A) Management
(B) Data
(C) Control
(D) Network
335
Answers 218-230
Question 218. Which of the following configuration manage-
ment tools uses agentless architecture for managing network
devices?
(A) Ansible
(B) Puppet
(C) Chef
(D) Ansible and Puppet
(E) Puppet and Chef
Explanation 218. Ansible is the correct answer. Agentless
architecture means that the configuration management tools
do not rely on any code (agent) running on the network device.
This is accomplished by communicating with the software that
is already installed on the computer, including the operating
system and natively installed components.
Ansibleuses Agentless architecture and relies on features typ-
ical in network devices, namely SSH and/or NETCONF, to make
changes and extract information.
336
Question 219. Given the following JSON object, how many ob-
ject keys found in the sample below?
{
“response”: {
“id”: “3”,
“name”: “Cisco Catalyst”,
“ipAddress”: {
“private”: “192.168.1.1”,
“public” : “156.157.1.1”
}
}
}
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6
Explanation 219. 6 is the correct answer. JSON defines vari-
ables askey:value pairs, with the key on the left of the colon
(:) and always enclosed in double quotation marks, with the
value on the right.
The keys are highlighted:
Key #1:“response”
337
Key #2:“id”
Key #3:“name”
Key #4:“ipAddress”
Key #5:“private”
Key #6:“public”
Question 220. CRUD is the acronym of the four primary ac-
tions performed by an application. What does CRUD stand for?
(A) Create, Read, Update, Delete
(B) Create, Read, Update, Done
(C) Create, Resolve, Update, Delete
(D) Create, Resolve, Update, Done
Explanation 220. Create, Read, Update, Delete is the cor-
rect answer. The software industry uses a memorable acro-
nym CRUD, for the four primary actions performed by an appli-
cation.
Those actions are:
Create:Allows the client to create some new instances of vari-
ables and data structures at the server and initialize their values
as kept at the server.
Read:Allows the client to retrieve (read) the current value of
338
variables that exist at the server, storing a copy of the variables,
structures, and values at the client.
Update:Allows the client to change (update) the value of vari-
ables that exist at the server.
Delete:Allows the client to delete from the server different in-
stances of data variables.
Question 221. A Layer 2 switch examines a frame’s destination
MAC address and forwards that frame out of the port G0/2.
That action occurs as part of which plane of the switch?
(A) Data plane
(B) Management plane
(C) Control Plane
(D) None of the above
Explanation 221. Data plane is the correct answer. AData
planerefers to the tasks that a networking device does to for-
ward a message. In other words, anything to do with receiving
data, processing it, and forwarding that same data—whether
you call the data a frame, a packet, or, more generically, a mes-
sage—is part of the data plane.
TheControl planerefers to any action that controls the data
339
plane. Most of these actions have to do with creating the tables
used by the data plane, tables like the IP routing table, an IP
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table, a switch MAC address
table, and so on. By adding to, removing, and changing entries
to the tables used by the data plane, the control plane process-
es control what the data plane does.
TheManagement planeperforms work that does not directly
impact the data plane. Instead, the management plane includes
protocols that allow network engineers to manage the devices.
Telnet and Secure Shell (SSH)are two of the most obvious
management plane protocols.
To emphasize the diffe rence with control pl an e protocols,
think about two routers:one configured to allow Telnet and
SSH into the router and one that does not. Both could still be
running a routing protocol and routing packets, whether or not
they support Telnet and SSH.
Question 222. Which answer correctly describes the format of
the JSON text below? (Choose two answers)
(A) One JSON object that has one key:value pair
(B) One JSON object that has two key:value pairs
(C) One JSON object that has three key:value pair
340
(D) Two JSON objects that have two key:value pair
(E) A JSON object whose value is a second JSON object
Explanation 222. B and E are the correct answers.
JSON defines variables askey:value pairs, with thekey on
the leftof thecolon (:)and always enclosed in double quota-
tion marks, with thevalue on the right.
The value of an object can be a simplevalue, array or even
another object. The JSON object shown here includes two
keys:
The first key is:“variable1”
The second key is:“var”
That means we have an object with a total of two keys,
making the second answer correct.
The value in thatkey:value pairitself is a JSON object that
contains anotherkey:value pair.
The first key:value pair is:“variable1”: { “var” :”1″}”
The second key:value pair is:“var” :”1″
That means we have an object with value a second object.
Question 223. Identify the hostname part from the given URI:
https://cluster.cisco.com/dna/intent/api/v1/business/sda/fabric?
341
ipaddress=10.1.2.3
(A) https://
(B) cluster.cisco
(C) cluster.cisco.com
(D) dna/intent/api/v1/business/sda/fabric
(E) ?ipaddress=10.1.2.3
Explanation 223. cluster.cisco.com is the correct answer.
The URI for a REST API call uses a format ofprotocol://host-
name/resource?parameters.
In this case:
protocol:HTTPS
hostname:cluster.cisco.com
resource:dna/intent/api/v1/business/sda/fabric
parameters:ipaddress=10.1.2.3
Question 224. Which of the following features of Cisco DNA
Center discovers the actual path the packets will take from the
source to the destination based on the current forwarding ta-
bles?
(A) Encrypted traffic analysis
(B) Device 360 and Client 360
(C) Network time travel
342
(D) Path trace
Explanation 224. Path trace is the correct answer.
Encrypted traffic analysis –Enables Cisco DNA to use algo-
rithms to recognize security threats even in encrypted traffic.
Device 360 and Client 360 –Gives a comprehensive view of
the health of the device.
Network time travel –Shows past client performance in a
timeline for comparison to current behavior.
Path trace –Discovers the actual path packets would take
from source to destination based on current forwarding tables.
Question 225. Which of the following features of Cisco DNA
Center shows past client performance in a timeline for compar-
ison to current behavior?
(A) Encrypted traffic analysis
(B) Device 360 and Client 360
(C) Network time travel
(D) Path trace
Explanation 225. Network time travel is the correct answer.
Encrypted traffic analysis –Enables Cisco DNA to use algo-
343
rithms to recognize security threats even in encrypted traffic.
Device 360 and Client 360 –Gives a comprehensive view of
the health of the device.
Network time travel –Shows past client performance in a
timeline for comparison to current behavior.
Path trace –Discovers the actual path packets would take
from source to destination based on current forwarding tables.
Question 226. Which of the following features of Cisco DNA
Center gives a comprehensive view of the health of the device?
(A) Encrypted traffic analysis
(B) Device 360 and Client 360
(C) Network time travel
(D) Path trace
Explanation 226. Device 360 and Client 360 is the correct
answer.
Encrypted traffic analysis –Enables Cisco DNA to use algo-
rithms to recognize security threats even in encrypted traffic.
Device 360 and Client 360 –Gives a comprehensive view of
the health of the device.
344
Network time travel –Shows past client performance in a
timeline for comparison to current behavior.
Path trace –Discovers the actual path packets would take
from source to destination based on current forwarding tables.
Question 227. Which of the following features of Cisco DNA
Center enables Cisco DNA to use algorithms to recognize se-
curity threats even in encrypted traffic?
(A) Encrypted traffic analysis
(B) Device 360 and Client 360
(C) Network time travel
(D) Path trace
Explanation 227. Encrypted traffic analysis is the correct
answer.
Encrypted traffic analysis –Enables Cisco DNA to use algo-
rithms to recognize security threats even in encrypted traffic.
Device 360 and Client 360 –Gives a comprehensive view of
the health of the device.
Network time travel –Shows past client performance in a
timeline for comparison to current behavior.
345
Path trace –Discovers the actual path packets would take
from source to destination based on current forwarding tables.
Question 228. Your company decides to move away from
manual configuration methods, making changes by editing
centralized configuration files. The issues you are facing with
non-centralized configuration files are:
1) You don’t know who engineer the changes in the configura-
tion file
2) You don’t know the changes in the configuration file over
time
Which tool your company will use in order to solve these is-
sues?
(A) Version Control System
(B) Version Control Configuration
(C) Version Control Change
(D) Version Control Edit
Explanation 228. Version Control System is the correct an-
swer. The version control system, applied to the centralized
text files that contain the device configurations, automatically
tracks changes.
346
That means the system can see which user edited the file,
when, and exactly what change was made, with the ability to
make comparisons between different versions of the files.
Question 229. One of the benefits of controller-based net-
works over traditional networks is that the configuration on the
devices have fewer errors, and you spent less time trou-
bleshooting the network.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
Explanation 229. TRUE is the correct answer. Anetwork
controlleris software thatorchestrates network functions.It
serves as an intermediary between the business and the net-
work infrastructure. The organization enters their desired busi-
ness objectives into the controller which in turn sets up the
network to deliver on those objectives.
Network controllers do their jobs by:
1. Maintaining an inventory of devices in the network and their
status.
2. Automating device operations such as configurations and
image updates resulting in more consistent device configura-
tion,fewer errors, and less time spent troubleshooting the
network.
3. Analyzing network operations, identifying potential issues,
347
and suggesting remediations.
4. Providing a platform for integration with other applications
such as reporting systems.
Question 230. The ______________________ plane includes proto-
cols that allow network engineers to manage the devices.
(A) Management
(B) Data
(C) Control
(D) Network
Explanation 230. Management is the correct answer. The
management plane includes protocols that allow network engi-
neers to manage the devices.
Telnet and Secure Shell (SSH) are two of the most obvious
management plane protocols. To emphasize the difference with
control plane protocols, think about two routers: one configured
to allow Telnet and SSH into the router and one that does not.
Both could still be running a routing protocol and routing pack-
ets, whether or not they support Telnet and SSH.
348
THE END
Enrich your online experience with Exams-
digest.
Your purchase of this product includes free access to all 230+
practice questions online and much more at examsdigest.com.
You will have access for one (1) month. You may also access
our full library of Practice exams and share with other learners.
Send us an email to info@examsdigest.com now and start your
online practice experience!
Examsdigest includes:
✓ Access to 1000+ Questions
✓ Access to 150+ Quizzes
✓ 6+ Certification Paths
✓ 24/7 Support
✓ Interactive Interview Questions
✓ Access on the go
About examsdigest.
Examsdigest started in 2019 and haven’t stopped smashing it
since. Examsdigest is a global, education tech-oriented com-
pany that doesn’t sleep. Their mission is to be a part of your life
349
transformation by providing you the necessary training to hit
your career goals.
350
